🎨 Artistic space #13 - Surrealism as an artistic current

in #art5 years ago (edited)

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Surrealism. Surrealist Painting

Surrealism began in 1924 in Paris with the publication of André Breton's "Surrealist Manifest", who believed that the post-war historical situation required a new art that delved into the deepest depths of the human being in order to understand man as a whole.

Knowing Freud, he thought of the possibility offered by psychoanalysis as a method of artistic creation.

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For the surrealists, the work is born of pure automatism, that is to say, any form of expression in which the mind does not exercise any type of control. They try to capture by means of abstract or figurative symbolic forms the images of the deepest reality of the human being, the subconscious and the world of dreams. For which they use resources such as animation of the inanimate, isolation of anatomical fragments, incongruent elements, metamorphosis, fantastic machines, relationships between nudes and machinery, an evocation of chaos, representation of automatons, spasms and empty perspectives. Hidden and forbidden thought will be a source of inspiration, in eroticism oneiric realities are discovered, and sex will be treated in an impudent way.

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They were also interested in the art of primitive peoples, the art of children and the insane. They will prefer long, ambiguous, mysterious titles, which means that the matter mattered more than the realization itself.

Precedents of Surrealism

The painters found precedents in Los caprichos de Goya, in Bosco and Valdés Leal, although the most immediate is to be found in the Dada movement and in Giorgio de Chirico, creator of metaphysical painting.

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Chirico creates an enigmatic world that is a reflection of the desolation caused by war, which is perceived as disturbing and desolating. In Héctor y Andrómeda, he introduces mannequins, the only beings capable of inhabiting his deserted squares and streets that submerge into infinity. Chirico's painting is the main antecedent of surrealism.

The Artists of Surrealism

We look at two sides. Abstract surrealism, where artists such as Masson, Miró or Klee create personal figurative universes from the purest automatism. And Ernst, Tanguy, Magritte or Dalí who are more interested in the dreamlike way, a figurative surrealism whose works exhibit a photographic realism, although totally far from traditional painting.

Ernst (1891-1979)

He became one of the main exponents of Surrealism using the footage technique. It consists of rubbing a lead mine or pencil on a paper that rests on an object and thus leaves its mark on that paper, with all its irregularities. The resulting images will be full of mysterious evocations, signs of catastrophe and desolation.

Cities, Europe after the rain.

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Tanguy (1900-1985)

It represents dreams detached from any reference to reality. The horizons, the sensation of infinity, the presence of mysterious objects without correspondence with the objective reality and the allusions to sexual signs characterize his work managing to provoke anguish and mystery. Some transports; Days of slowness; Mom, Dad is hurt.

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Magritte (1898-1976)

It offers a certain similarity with Chirico, it is one of the most clearly symbolist surrealists.

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It provokes the emotional shock of color applied to realistic forms placed in unlikely places and moments. He makes absurd combinations of landscapes, architectures, sculptures, external and internal environments. In Time Stopped he shows the interior of a room in which a flaming train leaves a domestic chimney. The voice of the winds is the premonition of a threat, a group of heavy balloons that float and are a symbol of something that can be crushed.

Masson (1896-1987)

It analyzes the structure of the object to turn it into an intellectual lucubration. It seems that color, conjugated in a personal way and with an almost abstract valuation, is what matters most to him. His mode is more vital, without the distressing oppression of most surrealists. Automatic Drawing, Nude, Amphora.

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Chagall (1887-1985)

It presents facts taken from reality but within a dreamy environment. His figures fly over the landscape. I and the village evokes a series of real elements of his native land (houses, cows...), but the magic of the dream transmutes it. The cow welcomes in her head a milkmaid milking, the peasant can walk with her head on the ground.

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Joan Miró (1893-1983)

"It is difficult for me to talk about my painting, because it has always been born in a state of hallucination, provoked by any kind of shock, objective or subjective, and for which I am entirely irresponsible.

He is the greatest representative of abstract surrealism, although it was only a phase in his production.

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His paintings are full of poetry. He paints with pure colors and spots colors. The key work in his evolution is The Carnival of the Harlequin (1924).

It creates a world of its own that makes way for abstraction. His images are simple, with few strokes, in the manner of children. He rejects perspective, modeling, chiaroscuro and meticulous finishing. He traces abstract, simple signs, which do not try to express an idea, but wish to suffice themselves and are extracted from the irrational.

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Characters at night, The beautiful bird deciphers the unknown to a couple in love, Still life with the old shoe, Women, and birds in the moonlight.

The years of the Spanish and world civil war took him away from the surrealist adventure. One of the last works was the ceramic cladding of the UNESCO building in Paris, Night and Day.

Salvador Dalí (1904-1989)

Dalí is the most outrageous and extravagant of the whole group. His paintings present impossible figures, the fruit of his imagination.

He is characterized by provocation and his "paranoid-critical" method. His first surrealist stage is furious and acidic, the forms lengthen, decompose or turn out to be of mistaken appearance. He will use allusions to sex and paranoia. Blood is sweeter than honey, The Persistence of Memory, The Architectural Angelus or Premonition of the Civil War.

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Also characteristic are its soft clocks, its high and prominent figures on a distant horizon and the views of Cadaqués.

Later his style will become more baroque in Leda atómica and in El Cristo de San Juan de la Cruz, where the sense of composition and space is more classic, but always disturbing.

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His painting is exceptional in its plastic qualities for the correction in the drawing and for the presence of light, transparent and clean.

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Surrealism will extend from 1924 until the end of the Second World War.

Thank you for reading 😊


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Great post - I love a lot of Surrealist art ❤️🍀🌈🦋🌴

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