Septic Arthritis: Infections from Orthopedic Surgery

in #fundition5 years ago

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Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. The infection usually reaches the joints through the bloodstream, although some joints become infected due to injection, surgery, or injury. Several bacteria and viruses can affect a joint and are usually associated with a person's age.

Acute infectious arthritis that is caused by bacteria begins quickly. It accounts for 95% of infectious arthritis. It can affect both healthy people and people at high risk. Cartilage within the joint, fundamental to normal joint function, can be destroyed or damaged within hours or days.

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Chronic infectious arthritis

Chronic infectious arthritis begins gradually over several weeks. It accounts for a low percentage of infectious arthritis and most often affects people at high risk.

The joints most often infected are the knee, shoulder, wrist, hip, elbow, and finger joints. Most bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial infections affect only one or, occasionally, several joints. For example, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease most often infects the knees. Gonococcal bacteria (gonococci), which cause gonorrhea, viruses (such as hepatitis), and occasionally some other bacteria can infect a few joints at a time or many.

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Causes

Many different types of bacteria can cause septic arthritis, as listed below. The most common type of bacteria is called Staphylococcus aureus, also known as S. aureus. A joint can become directly infected if it becomes contaminated during surgery, from an injection, or from an injury (such as a bite wound from a person, dog, cat, or rat).

A joint can be infected by different types of bacteria, although the bacteria most likely to cause infection depends on the person's age. The bacteria can enter the body in a variety of ways. The most common routes of entry include the following:

  • An infection that spreads from another source into the body, such as skin or genital infections.
  • Infected Wounds
  • Open fractures, or bones that penetrate through the skin
  • Foreign object that penetrates the skin
  • Trauma

Dr. Leopoldo Maizo - Orthopedic Surgeon

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