Socio-cultural determinants of the personality: political economy, ethnicity and religion, family and schools, informal life events. Personality and character. /part 4/
In his work, Form describes several strategies used for escaping: - authoritarianism; - destructiveness; - "automotive compliance" - absolute obedience to social norms. According to Form, man has unique, existential needs. They have nothing to do with social factors or innate instincts. The conflict between the pursuit of freedom and the pursuit of security is the most powerful motivating force in human life. Thus, dichotomy: freedom / security is a universal fact of human nature, significantly dependent on existential needs.
From describes five of these: - the need to establish links; - a need to overcome; - need for roots; - the need for identity; - a need for a system of views and devotion. The individual needs a stable but permanent support for explaining the complex world around him. This orientation system is a set of beliefs that make it more painless to achieve reality. The person also needs some object of devotion. To devote himself or herself to something or someone in which the meaning of their lives would be partly contained. Such dedication provides a chance to overcome isolation and complete life with some meaning. Both the expression and the way of meeting the five needs depends on the type of social conditions in which the individual lives. It is precisely the possibilities for their satisfaction that a type of society presents to the people to form their personal structure - what From calls "the basic orientation of the character". He regarded them as stable and unchanging over time.
One example of the effect of the influence of the social environment on political behavior is the process of political socialization. Political socialization, considered primarily as a process that facilitates the "inclusion" of an individual in the political system of society. In this case, political socialization promotes the interaction between the individual and the political system, and this interaction allows a faster flow of the process of adaptation of the individual to the political system itself. As a result of the impact of the social environment on individuals, it is possible not only to cause one or other behavior, but also to activate the so-called " internal or subjective mechanisms of this behavior. And these subjective mechanisms are practically too important, as they most define the "parameters" of the particular behavior. Among these subjective mechanisms, social attitudes, values, motivation and social stereotypes are particularly important.
Religion is a widespread phenomenon. It has a long history and is extremely influential. Froid believes that it begins its existence with primitive people who have fought with guilt and sexual impulses. In the process of life, people change their views of the world and their perceptions of God. Children's faith is rather simple and magical. Once a person grows, moral values, concepts of supernatural and inclusion in religious practices change. Some believe that religion influences and is influenced by human perception, intellectual processes, thinking, emotion, motor behavior, and so on.
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