Emotional and behavioral psychic processes: emotions and feelings, instincts, arbitrary movements and will. The problem of freedom of will and personality. /part 6/
The will implies great internal activity in organizing and conscious behavioral adjustment in order to achieve a goal, with the individual holding back a number of internal motives and, to one degree or another, controlling unintentional impulses. The subject of volition activity realizes his own psychic processes and volitional efforts to overcome difficulties and obstacles of an external and internal nature. The mentioned activity refers to the assessment of a situation that has arisen, the choice of a way for future action, the selection of means to achieve the goal, the decision-making, etc.
The classic scheme of the will to act includes: forming a project or compiling an internal intellectual plan; judging and selecting the most appropriate mode of action; solution; performance. Will does not have an independent being beyond the willful actions. It exists to the extent that there is a complex volition of action. But the division of actions leads to doubts that the will represents a single mental function similar to perception or thinking. The individual acts of willful activity, however different, bring the nature of the whole - an original quality of effort and difficulty. Complex volition is a prototype of each cycle of volition activity. It stems from a complex situation. The steps of the will action can be arbitrary, the number being determined by the complexity of the starting situation for the individual and by the practical limitations.
What remains constant is the phases of the complex volitional action, namely: the setting of a goal; understanding; planning; practical actions; achievement of results; evaluation of the result. No matter how seemingly divisive, each of the composite actions of the sophisticated volitional action maintains its connection with the Self. Sophisticated volitional action is a specialized Azo function that creates actions and deeds and builds the collective life of the individual. The set of complex volitional actions that the subject has successfully completed forms the deep structure of his vital life. The latter is a testimony of the overall quality of the self and the personality of the individual. Will is the third category of psychic processes where psychic reflection is characterized by particularly high activity. The theory of psychic processes puts before psychological theory and methodology another very important issue. This is one of the most significant features of the phenomenon under consideration - the freedom of will.
The impression and view that freedom of will is such a property that is clearly incompatible with any deterministic interpretation of the will is so strong and deeply rooted that at certain times many scientists were more inclined to put questioning the very reality of this freedom of the will, reserving or categorically rejecting this very property rather than attempting to interpret it from the point of view of determinism, even this materialist determinism or ideals. Indeed, no one has proven and can not prove the principle impossibility of a deterministic and materialist explanation of the freedom of will.
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