Analysis of theories on the periodization of ontogenetic development /part 7/

When discussing the issue of life development, Charlotte Buhler's name and work can be mentioned. his theory is an empirically-verified system with multiple studies over the life span. Buhler's name is related to the understanding of life as a biography and the validation of the biographical method in his study. Charlotte Buhler works in Vienna as her first interests relate to childhood and adolescence but gradually spread over the whole life path. In her view, it is impossible to explain the individual ages without taking into account the integrity of the mental repertoire and, above all, the integrity of the life task.

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This question of the influence of the whole on the parts lies both in scientific knowledge and in individual self-knowledge and self-determination. When examining the question of mental development, Buhler starts from the organic, structural and functional positions - the structure, the form, the integrity is pre-set and viewed sequentially. But it also takes into account the influence of the social factor, the social inclusion of the development process. Buchler considers psychological development in close connection with biological development. It is the biological structure of life that provides the basic plan of mental changes, and it seeks compliance with the biological, but also with it. Regarding the biological phases and changes there are three periods: 1. Growth and progression period; 2. A period of stable, steady growth, during which the forces of progress and decline are equilibrated; 3.Process period of decline.

The duration of each phase depends on the conditions of the environment - whether they provide opportunities for survival of the biological structure - and a specific index of physical and biological abilities, characterizing the strength of physical development and growth, denoted as vitality. According to Buchler, in psycho-social development two distinctly different ways of life can be distinguished: 1. Up and down; 2.Double orientation of the pursuit of accomplishment and achievement, which leads to a even distribution of achievements throughout the life path. According to Buhler, human development is multidimensional and age has different levels of disclosure. It seeks normative and universal characteristics, but also the unique one found in psychic factors.

The biological curve overlaps with the psychosocial, but things are more delayed - this is the "expansion-restriction" model. Buhler develops the model of targeting, conscious self-determination and self-realization. This model focuses on the role of the individual in identifying and realizing personal goals. In this model the object of analysis is the internal events related to the conscious self-determination, the pursuit of realization of the ultimate goals of life, the life task. The main interest in this model is the processes of targeting and targeting.