Ancient philosophy. Eleatics School - Zenon - the true being is achieved through the mind /part 2/

Against the plurality of Zenon, as we have said, he brought four arguments against the movement. If we allow the multiplicity in the being, then it must be infinitely small and infinitely large. For if there is plurality, parts, complexity, then the basic units - in order not to be complex themselves - must be simple and indivisible. But to be simple and indivisible, they have no dimension, because everything that has the dimension that lends space is divisible. If they are simple and indivisible, and only then can be the units - they are without dimension. But if the being, the existing, is made up of parts, units that have no dimension, then it is itself without dimension, because it can not be summed up of the non-dimensional units, without dimensioning to result in something spatial, with magnitude.

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On the other hand, if existence is multiplicity, it will be infinitely large, as it will consist of units that have a magnitude that is not large, and it does not exist. But then there is something separating between all the separate units and it is also the same size. There will be another dividing and still larger dimension between the dividing members and them, and so continues the infinite order of magnitude. Thus the being comes out infinitely large and at the same time infinitely small, which is equally unattainable to the mind. If we accept multiplicity in being, then it will be limited in number and at the same time unlimited. It is limited because there are just as many units in it as there are, nor can they be added to it from somewhere new, nor can it be taken away from it. At the same time, it is unlimited because there are one third among every two of its units; between her and the rest there is another unit and so to infinity. It is these two arguments that are in the true sense directed against the acceptance of pluralism. They also objected to the revival of atomism. In fact, as Hegel points out, Zenon once and for all has revealed the dialectic internal contradictory nature of material reality, and has stated that there can be no material atoms that this combination is internally contradictory, since the material can not be divisible, but the undivided can not be material.

By dealing with the concepts infinitely small and infinitely large, he does not see their inherent interdependence and dependence, unity, but absolutize them completely opposes. It is the same with the notion of unity and multitude, extreme and infinite. The following argument is directed directly against the assumption that there is a blank space and indirectly against the plurality. There is no empty space, because if all that exists exists in space, then space as it would be in another space; another would be in a third space and thus to infinity. But this is unattainable, unthinkable for our mind, so we have to assume that there is only being, but an empty space in which being is present - does not exist. Zenon's last argument against the plurality is known under the name "sority," a pile (from the Greek word "sophos"), a pile, a pile. From the same name, it is precisely a basic type of complex, accumulated syllogism, in which certain preconditions are omitted. It is precisely called "sority".

part 1