Life and creativity of the surrealist André Breton

André Breton is a French writer, poet, one of the founders of surrealism. He was born in Tennshbe, Normandy on February 18, 1896 in a modest family. At the request of his parents he begins to study medicine. In 1916, he was mobilized in Nantes, where he met Jacques Vache, a young man who considered his life as a work of art and committed suicide at the age of 24. It has a significant influence on Breton, although he leaves behind nothing but wartime letters. In 1919, Andre Breton, Louis Aragon, and Philippe Supo founded Littjature. He maintains close contact with the Tristan Tara Dadaist. In "Magnetic Fields", written together with Supo, he puts into practice the principle of automatic writing.

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In 1924 he published the First Manifesto of Surrealism, which became the theoretical basis of the movement that later covered all of Europe and all areas of art. A band formed by Philippe Supo, Louis Aragon, Paul Eluard, Rene Krevel, Michelle Leiris, Robert Desnos and others was formed around André Breton. In 1927 he entered the Communist Party, which was expelled in 1933. His main source of income was the sale of paintings in the art gallery he founded. Concerned with the policy of the Vichy government, André Breton emigrated to the United States in 1941 and returned to Paris after the end of the Second World War in 1946. By the end of his life he stimulated the development of a second group of surrealists called La Bresch. He stayed in Paris on September 28, 1966 As a teenager he is a passionate reader of the poetry of Baudelaire, Malarme and Yusmans. At age 16, he began a correspondence with Paul Valery. After graduating in medicine he was appointed in 1915 as a neuropsychiatrist in the army. He acquainted himself with Freud's productions and accepted psychoanalysis as a fruitful method for exploring the spiritual life of man. As a servant in the army, he meets Jacques Vache, whose black humor and suicide will be the main urge of the poet Breton to create surrealism.

In 1917, André Breton met Guillaume Apolliner, whose poetry he was admired, but he did not accept the patriotic piety of the French-speaking pola. In 1919, together with Louis Aragon and Philippe Supo, he founded the Literature magazine, which would gradually devote himself to Dadaism. In it I leave the first text created by "automatic writing", "Magnetic fields" (in collaboration with Supo, 1921). In 1919 he published the collection "Pawnshop" and in 1923 "Light from the Land" (1923). In 1921, Breton met Freud, whose discoveries opened the way for a new type of writing, where the raw products produced in the unconscious area were brought out. Later, Freud confessed that he was not interested in this type of poetry. After breaking with the Dada movement, Breton published his Manifesto of Surrealism in 1924, after which appeared his other theoretical texts, "The Second Manifesto" , "The Third Manifesto" , "Surrealism in his living creations "(1953). If the year 1924 is marked by the first "Manifest of Surrealism," in which the spirit and method of the most significant literary movement are exposed in the first half of the twentieth century, the year 1928 is marked by the emergence of a new literary genre - the autobiographical novel by André Breton Nadya which could only be compared to the novel by the late French romantic Gerard de Nerval" Orelia ". Breton has developed this genre by creating the masterpieces "Hooks" , "Foolish Love", "The Secret 17".

He does not give up on "automatic writing" and uses it in "Immaculate Conception" (in collaboration with Paul Eluar, 1930) "Surrealism and Painting" (1946), "Key to the Field" (1953). After the French government in Vichy forbids his "Anthology of Black Humor" (1940), Bruton settled in the United States. He returned to France in 1945. In 1947, he published the Ode for Charle Fourier, and then re-published his already published works and theoretical works. Bruton's views and his work are closely related to surrealism, whose founder and most authoritative theorist is. Declared as a revolutionary movement, surrealism suffers from a profound change in society, requires a destitution of the slavery of the proletariat, because "poetry is created for all." Thus Bruton approaches the ideas of the Communist Party, in which he acts along with many other surrealists.