Plato and his teaching about the soul

Immediately connected with the teachings of ideas is the doctrine of the soul. According to Plato, human souls were created by the creator Demiurge, personally, while human bodies were created by other minor gods. The number of souls is the same as the number of stars. They were originally inert to the realm of ideas, then sent to incorporate themselves into the human bodies. Their survival in the flesh is prison and captivity for them, but they have been imposed on them because they have been wronged. If, during this time of the earthly life, the soul keeps its heavenly origin and resists the attraction of the bodies, it returns to the kingdom of eternal ideas after the death of the body.

image source

Otherwise, it is reborn in the body of other humans or animals for 1000 years and only then returns to its original source. As we see, Plato taught that the soul is immortal, and that there is a vengeance of earthly life.
Every knowledge, every aesthetic contemplation and every good act, according to Plato, are commemorations, anathema to the soul of the ideas she has contemplated before being incarnated on the earth.

Plato's immortality of the soul proves in various ways:
a / The souls have preceded the bodies and have contemplated the plump ideas before embodying them. So their existence is not connected with the life of the body and is not interrupted by his death;
b/ Similarly, it is known. Since souls are able to contemplate and know the immortal and eternal ideas, it means that they themselves have immortality;
c/ Under the death of the body we understand his deprivation of life. And the soul is life itself, it is synonymous with life and can not be deprived of it. So it's immortal.
d/ The moral feeling tells us that the soul expects and receives retribution for life on earth. But in order to be able to receive it, she must continue and continue her life after the earthly existence for which she receives her reward.

According to Plato, the human soul is complex, it is divided into:
a / Divine, immortal / to teiton / s
b / death / to tneton /. The divine, this is his mind, which is in the head and is called / logos, logistikon /.
The death part is also divided into two parts:
and / / timos / -proves, aspirations, wills that are in the heart and can be called mediators between the divine and the human in man.
c / Desire, lusts, animal lusts that have their headquarters in the genital and digestive region: / epitimia /.
This division of Plato approaches the perceived later separation of mental manifestations of mental, volitional and emotional feelings.The soul, the healthy, according to Plato, is when the mind through the will rules and directs desires. It is very often seen the opposite: by conquering the will, animal instincts drag and enslave, nullify the mind.

Teaching about matter, Plato's basic doctrine, as we have seen, is the division of the reality of two worlds: a world of eternal, unchangeable, intangible, but thoughtful spiritual ideas, and only a world of temporal, spatial, constantly arising and disappearing, therefore transient, specific things. The concrete things get their beginning, their purpose and their essence, as we have seen from the ideas. There must be an idea, a pencil or a "prayer" in order to get the beginning, the nature and the purpose of the particular pencils. There must have been a bloom in order for the specific visible and smoldering roses to emerge. "Rozity" forms their essence and the ever more complete manifestation of "bliss" in their ideal.
But if the concrete things receive from their ideas only the eternal, immutable, intangible, immediate, spiritual in themselves, then they ask themselves, where does it come from, what is their transience, their perceptiveness, their spatiality and their temporality?