Psychological paradigms in the 20th century. Forecasts for the development of psychology. /part 12/
Existentialism is also called humanistic psychology because it is based on understanding and acceptance of personality, empathy, trust, acceptance of differences between people, ability to live in the present with the thought of the future, freedom of choice, responsibility before and others. , simplicity and naturalness in relationships, humanity. According to the representatives of this school, psychology has as its main subject of studying the personality as a unique, complete system, and they are Abraham Maslow, Karl Rogers, Stern.
Humanitarian knowledge is oriented towards the spiritual world of man, his personal values and the meaning of life. The humanistic paradigm is a knowledge of nature, society and the human being from an anthropological point of view. It introduces a human dimension in all settings of public life. It is characterized by the use of common principles in the interpretation of individual events. Important for humanistic knowledge is the analysis, the knowledge of the individuality of the individual. Humanistic knowledge is a value-for-money exemption of human being. The objects of humanistic knowledge are: society, man, they are constantly evolving in history and culture. With respect to one problem, there may be different points of view. The main way of knowing man is this understanding. They suggest an interest in the subject of knowledge, his own experience in studying his reality. Understanding is not just knowledge but a feeling for one another.
The humanistic sciences use a subtle approach in knowledge. In it, the researcher is considered to be an active subject of communication. Stern - a theory of personality that is based on the perception of the integrity of the human personality, its activity, purposefulness and individuality. According to Stern, the personality is conscious and active, defends its values, has self-consciousness and can be realized as a person. Rogers opposes behavioralism and psychoanalysis and creates his theory, reflected in a book about client-centered therapy. By creating an appropriate climate of sincerity, truthfulness, understanding of the client, it helps him to recover, to consolidate his ideas and to live according to his personal values. Based on this, Rogers's views on the affirmation and preservation of the self of the client are formed. It is believed that if the therapist has confidence, understanding and respect for the client, this is a prerequisite for helping.