Psychological paradigms in the 20th century. Forecasts for the development of psychology. /part 14/

in #godflesh5 years ago (edited)

The main paradigm (the earliest) is consciousness-subconscious-unconsciousness / heredity. Contemporary psychology has revealed the most intimate mechanisms of human motivation and the relationship between the higher forms of psyche and their primary forms - instincts. Behavioral psychology is with creator Watson. Uses a philosophical basis - defines the philosophy of pragmatism.

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Here the fundamental categories are true-beautiful-good. The reason for behavioral psychology is stimulus-reaction, ie. test-operation, test-output. The main category is behavior. In modern psychology, the paradigm is an incentive / external environment / response / reinforcement / reward or punishment /. Humanistic Psychology - Existential Psychology serves on a philosophical basis. It is directed inward to the person. Basic principles of existential psychology are: life is here and now, and the past is something we can never change, the future we can not know; one is responsible to a single person - to himself - if you can not be accountable to yourself, you can not be accountable to others; concept of freedom - everything I can forgive if I can forgive myself first. Is it free to choose and be the author, director and performer of his own life. There is a creative self, even if it is a critic of his life. Man is in fatal dependence on the natural conditions of bheiyaviralist psychology, as a little wandering creature in the labyrinth of life.

Psychological categories are at the heart of thinking. There are several interrelations of categories called paradigms. Paradigms are a system of categories and their relationships that define the model and methodology at a given historical stage. Each paradigm is determined by the degree of development of society. The main paradigms in psychology are: - psychoanalysis - emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and instincts in human behavior. Founder - Viennese physician-neurologist Sigmund Freud; - Behaviorism - focuses on the systematic study of observable behavior. The basic principle of explaining behavior is the stimulus-reaction relationship. John Watson, Skinner; - a humanistic approach - emphasizes the values ​​of man, his subjective experiences and the uniqueness of every human being. Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers; - cognitive approach - deals with cognitive processes as underlined the active inner nature of higher mental processes; - Biological - analyzes physiological changes related to human behavior and experience. In the 20th century in psychology the paradigms are: - 20s - 30s - behavior, consciousness, activity; - the 40s - 60s - activity, consciousness, personality; - 70s - 80s - personality, activity, team; late 20th century - personality, group, communication.

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