Some thoughts about the psychology of Education. Theories of learning. /last part/

Learning Orientation Theory - Tolman - Behavioral Way to Explain Learning. The expectations of the subject that precedes and manage the learning activity are learned. It is crucial for the learning process to include cognitive elements as a motivation. In this sense, Tolman attaches particular importance to the relationship between behavioral responses and thought signs. The theory is also called the "theory of expectation"; - The theory of Galperin - the phased formation of mental activity

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Variety of the operational training model. It is based on the dialectical principle of unity between external and internal activities. According to this principle, thinking internalizes the subjects, therefore the thinking of the student stems from his practical actions. Since actions can be managed, therefore, thinking can also be managed. Ax. principles of learning theories, summed up by Leove, and are as follows: - the pupil's activity is essential to his results; - Student's analysis of the learning situation has a positive effect on learning; - lack of reinforcements demotivates learning; - learning progress depends on the length of time between the learning result and the support, as soon as possible to receive assessments of its activities; - incorrect learning outcomes and behavior can be eliminated with negative reinforcements; - the correct learning outcomes must be exercised and repeated many times;

Repeats are individual for each student and different according to the subject. Exceeding optimal repetitions results in a negative learning outcome; - learning success depends on the relaxed and business-friendly socio-psychological situation; - all external causes / impacts, stimuli / are broken through the internal conditions that man carries within himself and which are a result of his past experience. According to Rubinstein, active methods are the best opportunity for a learner to become a subject of learning activity - self-learning and self-education - one of the ultimate goals of the educational process. The habit is an action formed by repeated iterations. The habits are: motor / motor /, perceptive and intellectual. Skill is the ability of a person to use his / her knowledge and concepts, to deal with them when revealing the essential properties and the laws between the subjects, successfully solving the practical tasks, developing on the basis of the logical thinking habits.

The student must use the system of knowledge and habits learned by him / herself. The formation of knowledge takes place through the basic forms of thinking - notion, judgment, meaningfulness. The ability of the teacher to realize an individual approach in the learning process is pedagogical mastery. An essential element is the individual and personality of the student and his motivation. In summary, the main determinants of forming a student's positive or negative attitude towards learning are the personality of the teacher, the family, the student's team, the individual and personality characteristics of the student.