Some thoughts about the vital crises of development and strategies to overcome. /part 9/
The duration of each phase depends on the conditions of the environment - whether they provide opportunities for the survival of the biological structure - and a specific index of physical and biological abilities, characterizing the strength of physical development and growth, denoted vitality. psycho-social development can distinguish two different cardinal ways of life: 1.High-down; 2.Double orientation of the pursuit of accomplishment and achievement, which leads to a even distribution of achievements throughout the lifetime.
According to Buhler, human development is multidimensional and age has different levels of disclosure. It seeks normative and universal characteristics, but also the unique one found in psychic factors. The biological curve overlaps with the psychosocial, but things are more delayed - this is the "expansion-restriction" model. Buhler develops the model of targeting, conscious self-determination and self-realization. This model focuses on the role of the individual in identifying and realizing personal goals. In this model the object of analysis is the internal events related to the conscious self-determination, the pursuit of realization of the ultimate goals of life, the life task. The main interest in this model is the processes of targeting and targeting. Buhler introduces the notion of "self-determination to the ultimate goals and results of life" in order to characterize purposefulness in humans. It means that conscious goal-making, which takes place in view of the individual's perceptions of the ultimate goals and results of life.
Self-determination implies such forms of life that the individual suggests will lead him to the most satisfying end-to-end experience. Bühler introduces the concept of "basic life trends," which are four in number - they act throughout life, but are updated over the years. For emotionally healthy, it is important that things be experienced at the appropriate time for them and have the appropriate result. Charlotte Buhler develops a five-phase model of the normative phases of experiencing biography, self-determination of life goals and their specification at individual ages.Also, besides being a dangerous condition, the crisis is also seen as a condition that leads to an increase in the coping potential. Some authors define the crisis as a "catalyst" of personal and social development, which destroys old habits, provokes new reactions and becomes a decisive factor for new directions of development. The change it brings may further lead to an increase in individual adaptive abilities and therefore to increase overall mental health. Often, the only way to make a healthy change in one system is by provoking a crisis. Thus we can conceptualize spontaneously emerging crises as a natural mechanism to ensure development.
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