Plants' Social Life

zyx066 (72)in #nature • 6 years ago (edited)

It's something most of us don't think about very often, but plants are actually not passive at all and have a very busy life full of communication, partnerships and territorial behavior.

_{source: Wikimedia Commons}

As much as we may believe plants primary function is to please our senses and feed us, I'm sure any plant would disagree if asked. And maybe we can ask them if we manage to learn their language. The plant language has for ages been undetectable, but modern biologists and chemists are beginning to understand the complex behavior of plants.

That behavior is for a great part based on the plant's main restriction: it can't ever leave it's home. Because they don't have the option to get up and leave, plants are extremely in tune with their environment, and have almost 700 different kinds of sensors to stay up to date with the happenings in that environment. Underground the roots are actively seeking out concentrations of nutrition and water. But they also communicate through chemical signalling with fungi with whom they have a partnership; when you pull a plant out of the ground, the fine white threads aren't part of the plant's root, but part of an intricate web of fungi that help feed the plant by extending the root's reach significantly.

_{Mycorrhizal Fungi - source: Funguys Gourmet}

This is a collaboration with active chemical communication between plant and fungus. When several of the same plants grow near each other, this web of the fungus enables the plants to communicate with each other and send each other signals and nutrients. But this is only the underground side of the story. Above ground the plant's social life is even more intricate, as it has to deal with insects and thousands of diseases. But a plant's first and foremost challenge is finding light.

It's a not commonly known fact that plants can not only sense the amount of light, allowing it to grow in it's direction, but can also distinguish the light's color. If a branch or leaf is surrounded by mostly green light, that's a sign of heavy competition, spurring it on to reach further in the direction of yellow or white light. Plants also have some sense of touch as many of them literally grab on to supports to grow higher than they could have on their own, like vines

_{Vines growing up a wall - source: GoodFreePhotos}

A lot of the plant-chemicals we enjoy daily, like caffeine and nicotine as well as many others, are produced by the plant to deal with it's daily threats. Plants don't have nervous systems themselves, so why make chemicals that influence it? Those are for the insects that attack them, or to lure in predator insects like bees or wasps, so they can kill a pesky caterpillar that's ravaging the plant's leafs. It's chemically communicating to the wasps and bees: "Hey, you! Come here, there's food here!".

Almost all of the chemicals a plant releases when threatened or attacked, also inform surrounding plants to prepare for an incoming attack by making the necessary defensive chemicals in advance. Now, with all this complex behavior, making decisions while reacting to and interacting with the environment and social structure, is it fair to say that plants have some sort of consciousness? Can we really speak of plants' "social lives"?

Plants (and plankton) perform the most important task for all life on earth, which is photosynthesis. All cycles of life on earth begin here, as it is the energy from the sun that drives the entire planetary ecosystem and it is the plants and the plankton that convert the sun's energy into sugars by synthesizing water and carbondioxide. Even the energy we get from burning oil or coal is nothing more than the energy from the sun, stored in prehistoric plants. Watch this inspiring TED Talk by Mick Alexander:

_{Inspiring The World About Soil and Plant Health: Mick Alexander at TEDxRockhampton}

The video also explains why good soil with the richt chemical balance is so important for plants to be able to feed, but also to communicate and keep alive their social life. Maybe we'll someday learn to talk to our green friends; I have a feeling they'll be able to teach us a lot!

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