Bacterial infection and our immune system.[Part One]
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Our body's immune system can be divided into two parts. Intrinsic prevention and adaptive prevention measures. The range of intrinsic resistance that came before the evolutionary timeline expands up to skin, tears, stomach acids, nose mucus, and various types of mucous membranes. On the other hand, part of the adaptive resistance system, antigens, antibodies, T cells, B cells, and more precise materials. Although a large animal like a man whose reproduction rate is not as fast, only the underlying prevention mechanism is not enough to protect it, any resistance to T cells, antibodies, until the onset of drowsiness, our internal resistance is our hope.
Infective prevention of bacterial infections works in two steps. First of all, the invaders identify the bacteria. Then it creates inflammation in the body and controls the bacteria expansion and penetration.
We know that bacterial reproduction rates are very high, which is why the change in them quickly comes quickly. How can we recognize our resistance to hundreds of bacteria ever changing? The relief is that all types of microorganisms have some structural elements, which are difficult to survive if they change. These structural components may be special proteins, DNA or a special sequence of RNA, even fat or carbohydrate. And these are the main targets of our resistance system to identify bacteria. This process is called Microbial Pattern Recognition. This method has evolved in such a way that, He only recognizes those patterns that are important structural elements of mice and there is nothing near them in our own body. These things are called pathogen-associated molecular pattern and pumps. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) is the name of the receptors that join our pumps with the pumps.
It is also between PRR and PAMP, which is what happens between antibodies and antigens in the workplace. But the biggest difference is that all the genetic codes of PRR protein are transmitted without changing from one generation to another. But the effective cell or cell receptors that are produced through genetic assembly convergence, they are not transmitted, but each new body is created in new ways. However, in this case, the method of assembly rally is propagated, not the result.
These receptors give us protection in a variety of ways. Some receptor functions are direct action. They have targeted PAMP containing bacteria and killed them. They are found in a type of neutrophil, and their type of work is very similar to macrophages. There are other PRRs, such as Defensin and Cathelicidin, which work as a complementary system. They have bitten the bacteria membrane, and with the leak, the bacteria die out of their spices. There is another PRR called Mann binding lectin, which, like antibodies, has been labeled lectin on the bacteria. And those macrophages that have leptin receptors swallow these bacteria.
We are known for a long time with the immune response, called inflammation. Symptoms of inflammation in the body such as irritation, swelling, and red pain. And behind this inflammation, the most receptor is that the receptor is named TLR. They live on various white blood cells. In this molecule, the existing TLRs in macrophages or dendritic cells are most likely to start inflammation. When their TLR form is associated with their target PAMP, they cause proinflammatory cytokines to dissolve. These are different types of chemicals that work at different levels of inflammation. Among them, what is Prostaglandin, it increases the blood vessels of nearby blood, which can lead to more blood in the affected area. As a result, the Zagat becomes red.
If the macrophage TLR stops bacteria, then the cytokine is released, but the macrophages also bite the tear apart by bacteriophage. Bacteria are activated with severed tissue parts Mast cell. If they are active histamine causes emit. They again turn the bloody nerves around as thorns, which causes more number of white blood cells to enter the hinges.