Evolution of mankind - A fantastic tour in Science City [Episode #02]
Plastic Surgery in ancient India
Sushruta's contribution to the field of Plastic Surgery (Sixth Century BCE)
The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit textbook on medicine and surgery, specially on Plastic Surgery in ancient India (6th Century BCE). It has a great historical importance because it includes many chapters in which describing medical advices, medicines, surgical training, instruments and procedures. Susrutha performed many successful surgeries on face, nose, ears, cataract, fistula, bladder, haemorrhage, joints, kidneys & gall bladder (for removing stones) etc. in 600 B.C. with ancient surgical instruments. But, first Plastic Surgery was performed in around 23720 B.C. in ancient India. It was described on the "*Rig-Veda", the most old sacred texts -
"a Prosthetic leg was attached to a queen’s leg, so that she could walk normal and even participate in war."
After then, Plastic Surgery was much developed & performed in ancient India around 6th century BCE by Susrutha. Susrutha performed first *rhinoplasty.
The Sushruta's contribution in the field of Plastic Surgery
can be enumerated as follows --
=> Fourteen types of bandaging capable of covering almost all the regions of the body and different methods of dressings with various medicaments.
=> Use of wine to dull the pain of surgical incisions.
=> Described 20 varieties of sharp instruments (shastra in Sanskrit) & 101 types of blunt instruments (yantra in Sanskrit) and their handling techniques.
Sushruta doing earlobe reconstruction
Surgical instruments as described by Sushruta
- Bhrngamukha Sastra (Butcher-bird faced instrument)
- Swanamukha Sastra (Dog faced faced instrument)
- Krauncamukha Sastra (Crane faced faced instrument)
- Makaramukha Sastra (Crocodile faced faced instrument)
- Ulukamukha Sastra (Owl faced faced instrument)
- Sasaghnamukha Sastra (Hawk faced faced instrument)
- Simhamukha Sastra (Lion faced faced instrument)
- Kankamukha Sastra (Heron faced faced instrument)
- Dvipamukha Sastra (Panther faced faced instrument)
- Kakamukha Sastra (Crow faced faced instrument)
- Marjaramukha Sastra (Cat faced faced instrument)
- Srgalmukha Sastra (Jackal faced faced instrument)
Sasaghnamukha Sastra (Hawk Faced Instrument)
Marjarmukha Sastra (Cat Faced Instrument)
Kakamukha Sastra (Crow Faced Instrument)
Srigalmukha Sastra (Jackal Faced Instrument)
Swanamukha Sastra (Dog Faced Sastra)
Dvipamukha Sastra (Panther Faced Instrument)
N.B.
=> The Rigveda is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns.
=> Rhinoplasty is one kind of nasal plastic surgery for correcting and reconstructing the form, and restoring the functions of human nose.
All source of info : Information Centre of Science City, Kolkata, India
&
Sushruta: The first Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C.
by S Saraf, R Parihar
[To Be Continued...]
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The first Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C.. and in india .. knowledgeable post .
Yes indeed @dine77 India has longest history of surgery.
Wonderful, information.
I am just wondering who it must have been to be operated in those days . For one their was no anesthetic. The tools used would have been difficult to operate ,this could have increase the pain.
I wonder how many operations would have been successful , I would think that the pain would be a problem and it would be the pain that would have been to devastating for the person to live.
That brings me to the question ,if they did have anesthetic would the success rate be higher.
After all sad and done thing need to be started somewhere and luckyly for us operation have advanced.
Nice Information to know
the best history.
This is really mind blowing information. India was never deprived of the talent. We had doctors like Charak, Shururt and Dhanvantari, scientists, mathematicians and theorists like Kanada, Brahmgupt, Bhaskaracharya, Aryabhatt, Nagarjuna etc. However, our modern generation and most of the people in the West are not aware of this rich cultural as well as scientific progress which Indians had contributed since very long. Your series will surely make people aware of all these facts and make us proud.
Great post sir, thanks for sharing
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Nice post friend
Sushruta was the pioneer of medical science. Thank you for the article.
Beautiful Science photography
Wow, if someone asked me when was the first "plastic" surgery performed i would be like 1900s :D
Nice info, thanks!