Manipulation of Matter. MacroScale -Microscale, now Nanoscale.

in #science5 years ago (edited)

The term Chemistry has become so popular today that it is cited in music, poetry and everyday language. Everything that surrounds us is chemistry, even you. Not only are we formed of chemical materials, but there are constantly transformations taking place inside and outside our organism.

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Image 1. Man and his continuous search for knowledge
Edited Image in M. PowerPoint 2016
Source WIkimedia Commons y Pixabay

The nature of these transformations remained a mystery for a long time. The observable phenomena have meant a challenge to the curiosity of all those who seek the why of things. Why do they occur? How do they occur? What causes them? How to avoid or prevent them?. They are many questions without answers, which have generated in humanity a need to seek an explanation to the simplest concerns, all with the firm purpose of being able to survive in this changing world.

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Image 2. Mysticism
Source Pixabay

The first approach of man in response to the phenomena observed was the Mysticism, Magic, The Supernatural. The problem continued since the magical explanations did not clarify the nature of the phenomena.

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Image 3. School of Athens meeting point for great Philosophers
Source Pixabay

Then Philosophy emerges as a rational but speculative explanation of the why of things. Some Greek thinkers like Aristotle (384-322 a.C) started from the visible and answered those questions assuming the participation of four components: water, earth, air and fire, combinable in different proportions to produce different materials.

Others started from the invisible. Leucippus and his disciple Democritus (5th and 4th centuries a.C) stated that matter is divided until it reaches a limit particle, eternal and indivisible. Democritus called it an atom. The current idea of the atom is very different from that of Democritus, which has remained as a simple historical reference to the original idea.

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Image 4. The Alchemist
Source Pinterst

In the 1st century a. C, there arises in India, China and Greece a knowledge about materials that was a mixture of technique, mysticism, magic, astrology, superstition and philosophy. It was called Alchemy (from the Greek a and Khum, means dark science) and had its maximum apogee in the Middle Ages. The alchemist ideal was material and spiritual perfection, and for them "Gold" was the "perfect metal", therefore alchemy sought to transform common metals into gold. For this it was necessary to find the "elixir" of life also called "Philosopher's Stone".

"All these positions failed to satisfy human curiosity, so it was necessary to move towards answers based on physical evidence and on what the human being could manipulate, thus entering the world of scientific knowledge."

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Image 5. The Optical Microscope Model XSZ-207 Lab. Chemistry "Unesur-Venezuela"
Image of the author @wilmer14molina

The advance of science grew exponentially with the invention of instruments that allowed to scrutinize the matter on a microscopic scale for example, The Optical Microscope. However, even with these instruments there will always be a limit to our senses, but not for our imagination, thus allowing the construction of models on how it is that we do not see. Its validity will depend on the explanatory capacity that these models have in reality. Thus, Chemistry emerges as an Organized, Experimental, Dynamic and Perfectible knowledge.

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Image 6. image of the author @wilmer14molina
Source Pixabay, Foter and edited in Powepoint 2016


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"Dear reader, if you believe that the progress of science has been vertiginous, I inform you that it will get better." Since 1990, and with the invention of the Electronic Microscope, an exhaustive study of how the matter behaves on a Nanometric scale has been started.

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Image 7. Carbon nanotubes (Interior)
Source Pixabay


Image 8. Carbon Nanotubes (Side)
Source Wikimedia Commons

The interest lies in the fact that materials with these dimensions present interesting Properties and Applications. At present there are materials with applications in areas such as: Technology, Construction Industry and Medicine, etc. If you are a movie fan, you will find references to Nanotechnology in films such as: "I Robot (2004)", "Ant Man (2015)" and recently "Avengers Infinity War" and "Ant Man and The Wasp" in (2018). In view of these advances, I have decided to guide the Publications of the Blog first to refresh some concepts in the area of Chemistry or clarify doubts, in order to cement the bases that will be needed to understand concepts that will be addressed on "Nanoscience" and obtaining "Nanomaterials".

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Image 9. “Quantum world”
Image of trailer Ant Man and The Wasp

Thanks so much!!


BIBLIOGRAPHY

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  1. J. Flores, Chemistry edition for the teacher. Editorial Santillana, First Edition, Venezuela (2002)

  2. World of Chemistry, Empresas Polar, Printed and Distributed by the Diario Últimas Noticias, Venezuela.

  3. H. Dai, Carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges, Surface Science 500 (2002), 218-241

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