An Introduction to the Airports Authority of India : Part-1
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• The Airports Authority of India (AAI) operates under Ministry of Civil Aviation and deals with the responsibilities of the maintenance, upgradation and creation of Civil Aviation infrastructure across India.
• Air Traffic Management (ATM) services across Indian Space and adjoining oceanic access are provided by the AAI.
• Airports Authority of India (AAI) performs various essential functions and responsibilities towards society by maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure both on ground and air space in the country.
• Design, development, operation and maintenance of international and domestic airports and civil enclaves.
• Expansion and strengthening of operation area such as runways, aprons, taxiway, etc.
• Provision of communication and navigation aids such as ILS, VOR/ DME, Radar, etc.
• Construction, modification and management of passenger terminals.
Alphabet Coding used in Airport/Aviation for Communication:
| COLUMN-1 : | COLUMN-2 : | COLUMN-3 : | COLUMN-4 : |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: ALPHA | B: BRAVO | C: CHARLIE | D: DELTA |
| E: ECHO | F: FOXROT | G: GOLF | H: HOTEL |
| I: INDIA | J: JULIET | K: KILO | L: LIMA |
| M: MIKE | N: NOVEMBER | O: OSCAR | P: PAPA |
| Q: QUEBEC | R: ROMEO | S: SIERRA | T: TANGO |
| U: UNIFORM | V: VICTOR | W: WHISKEY | X: X-RAY |
| Y: YANKEE | Z: ZULU |
Communication Navigation Surveillance (CNS):
• Communication: It can be defined as the exchange of data information and voice between the pilot and air traffic controllers or flight information centre.
• Navigation: Navigation element of CNS/ATM systems is meant to provide accurate, reliable, and seamless position determination capability to aircrafts.
• Surveillance: The surveillance systems can be divided into two main types:
a) Dependent surveillance: In dependent surveillance systems, aircraft position is determined on board and then transmitted to ATC. The current voice position reporting is a dependent surveillance system in which the position of the aircraft is determined from on-board navigation equipment and then conveyed by the pilot to ATC.
b) Independent surveillance: Independent surveillance is a system which measures aircraft position from the ground. Current surveillance is either based on voice position reporting or based on radar (primary surveillance radar; PSR) or (secondary surveillance radar, SSR) which measures range and azimuth of aircraft from the ground station.
Communication: It involves in the exchange of voice and data information between Aircraft and ATS.
• Communication is done through VHF (very high frequency).
• The range of VHF is 30 MHz – 300 MHz.
• It is a type of line of sight communication.
• Modulation technique used here is Amplitude Modulation and PCM.
• AAI uses the VHF frequency range of 108-137 MHz.
• Folded Dipole antenna is used to radiate signal in omni-direction.
• In VHF for each frequency two transmitter are used, one in working and other in standby.
• ALB-M: Analog Line Barrier block converts analog signal to digital signal.
• Baseband: It performs two functions in VHF transmitter and receiver i.e.,
a) Generation of carrier frequency.
b) Modulation index (0 & 1).
• Transmitter: In transmitter module, the in-phase and quadrature signals are converted from digital to analog signal. Then, the modulated signal is transmitted through Transmitter Antenna.
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