POPULAR NATIONALISM

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Firstly, we must look that what is popular nationalism and what are components of it in arab history? Generally people form popular nationalism by education and mass communications. Also, it is important in islamic component too. Main components of character of popular nationalism are coming from another sources. If we look history, generally forming common side understanding is important in this term in United Nations General Assembly. Especially, it is not depends old colonial empires (west-east block). In addition ‘third world’ understanding was effective in this term. The other component is arab union understanding. Independent arab countries are sharing common benefits,culture and historical background among them. Thus this situation provides to establish union among them. Also, this situation will bring collective power to them and it will establish union. So, this union will create stable ambiance between society and government.
However, we must add socialism component to them. Shortly socialism; controlling sources by government for society, state property, guide of production and perform thought of social services. We can depends to some events in the world. Be strong of socialist and communist parties in the west europe region, increasing authority of USSR and its allies, come to power of communist party in the China and governments of independent states supports nationalism and socialist thoughts in Asia. So, we see that these developments were with shaping of marxist ideas to arabic. Centre of these activities are in Egypt. Historians started to interpret Egypt history with marxist terms. Mahmud Amin el-Alim and Abdül Azim Anis wrote socialist egypt culture criticism. They supported that culture have to reflect all society and situation of society, literature have to show relation between individual and experience of its society. Shaping styles of these components are changing from country to country with public acts. The fight against french management of the conditions of a wider popular support in the east and have a better organization to lead to the formation of nationalism had been movement. Single way of be successful against french is; very well organized, the public rebellion was. Because french is not just foreign government, it is privileged group who controls manufacturer powers at the same time. The other place, when Tunisia had independence, syndicates and component from new Düstur party were dominate over new government. Educated people were leader to this party. Same situation was in Algeria too. Front de Liberation Nationale’e organization started to rebellion against french government(1954). People were leader of this organization who studied military education and all parts of society supported this organization in the time. Afterwards, when organization changed to government from revolutionary structure, military chiefs and high-educated people were leader of this organization. This structure takes its power from system of small merchants, landowners and teachers. Same event was in Morocco. Independence was between king, independence party and syndicate but it was not stable and connected power like the other Mağrip countries. A lot of Middle East countries won independence by internal and external forces and with peaceful negotiations. Firstly, political skills educated-people controlled government in new independence states. Because it is necessary in situation of change of government. However, these groups has not enough skill for establish state. They did not speak some political language with representative people. Collapse effect was in these political acts after independence. Thus nationalism, religious and social justice elements developed new act and ideology. Especially muslim brothers were like this act in Egypt, Sudan and Syria.
Communist act divided to small groups in crisis times. Especially, in last years of war, in conflict with Britain, worker and student committee was leader of public powers. Communists played similar role in the government. Many political leaders supported this agreement. However always it is connecting between britain and ıraq. Thus ıraq always submits to benefits of britain. Because of this, it serviced to form of focus of different interest groups. These interest groups are villagers, city proletariat, students and nationalism leaders. In this situation, communist party played important role for connect between different groups.
According to divide of political powers, enterprise of create to new kind acts were. In 1950s and 1960s both of them are important. First is Baas party. This party supported that prevent to coming of citizen people to Syrian government and their benefits. Thinker of Baas is Mişel Eflak supported that there is only arab nation and they have life right in United state. In addition, this nation was formed by created islam religious by Muhammed and application of this religious by society. This experience is not for only arab muslim. All arabs have it in the world. They can reach this target with two ways. First is mutually understanding, second is political and social system.
After 1950, Baas had more open socialist system and it effected Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq and then all arab peninsula at the same time. Baas was effective United arab republic act in 1958 and it was effective in collapse of this act in 1961. But generally, arab-nationalism and union are more important than islam. Arab-union was important in foreign politics by old egypt governments. However, Abdül Nasır’s regime was starting to showing piece of arab world and its natural leader. In addition they believed that use this leadership for social revolution. Social reform programme was legitimate by arab-socialism. Also, if there is not social democracy, political democracy can not be there. This situation needs to public ownership in communication tools and the other public services, banks and insurance company, heavy and medium industry and foreign trade. Everybody would use healty services, and education. Class divides would finish in national union. Thus, divides between arab-states would finish.