Classification of research 3

Research can be divided into three main types based on some criteria, they are:

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• Typology based on Use
• Typology based on form
• Typology based on kind of evidence and analysis used.

TYPOLOGY BASED ON KIND OF EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS USED

Quantitative research
Quantitative research involves those studies having data which can be analysed in terms of numbers. That is, it involves gathering information in numeric form. For instance, comparing two methods of teaching using students scores is an example of quantitative research. It provides data across different respondent groups that can lead to specific recommendations with measures that can be used as controls to determine the effectiveness of actions. It differs from qualitative research in the following ways:

• The data is usually gathered using more structured research instruments
• The results provide less detail on behaviour, attitudes and motivation
• The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population
• The research can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability
• The analysis of the results is more objective.

Qualitative research
Qualitative research involves the description of events or persons, scientifically without employing numerical data. For instance, a study consisting of interview of mothers of handicapped infants to determine how their lives and beliefs are affected by the birth of their handicapped children is an example of qualitative research.

Qualitative research is usually conducted through a systematic intense and prolonged contact with a field or life situation. Such situation may reflect the day-to-day life of the individuals, groups, societies and organisations under investigation. In qualitative research, the researcher's role is to gain a holistic overview of the context under study including its logic, arrangement, explicit and implicit rule. The qualitative research attempts to collect data on the perceptions of the local actors through a process of deep attentiveness, empathy and suspending preconception about the topic of study.