Agriculture in Pakistan

pakistan's principal natural resources square measure cultivatable land and water. concerning twenty fifth of Pakistan's agriculture accounts for concerning twenty first of gross domestic product and employs concerning forty third of the labour force. In West Pakistan, the foremost agricultural province is {punjab|Punjab|geographical square measurea|geographic area|geographical region|geographic region} wherever wheat and cotton are the foremost adult. Mango orchards square measure largely found in Sindh and geographical region provinces that build West Pakistan the world's fourth largest producer of mangoes.

Early history:

Barley and wheat cultivation—along with the domestication of kine, primarily sheep and goat—was visible in Mehrgarh by 8000–6000 BCE. They cultivated six-row barley, einkorn and wheat wheat, jujubes and dates, and herded sheep, goats and kine. Residents of the later amount (5500 B.C. to 2600 BC) place a lot of effort into crafts, together with flint knapping, tanning, bead production, and metal operating. the positioning was occupied unceasingly till regarding 2655 B.C..

Irrigation was developed within the Indus natural depression Civilization (see conjointly Mohenjo-daro) by around 4500 BCE. the dimensions and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a results of this innovation, that eventually junction rectifier to a lot of planned settlements creating use of voidance and sewers. refined irrigation and water storage systems were developed by the Indus natural depression Civilization, together with artificial reservoirs at Girnar dated to 3000 BCE, associate degreed an early canal irrigation system from circa 2600 BCE.

Archeological proof of associate degree animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 B.C. within the Indus natural depression Civilization.

All agricultural affairs and activities in Pakistan area unit overseen and controlled by the Ministry of Agriculture.

RANKING

Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of food and crops according to the different sources.

• Chickpea (3rd)
• Mango (4th)
• Cotton (4th)
• Milk (4th)
• Onion (7th)
• Date Palm (5th)
• Sugarcane (5th)
• Wheat (7th)
• Kinnow, mandarin oranges, clementine (6th)
• Apricot (6th)
• Rice (11th)

Pakistan ranks eighth worldwide in farm output, according to the List of countries by GDP sector composition.

• Crops

The most necessary crops square measure wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, that along account for over seventy fifth of the worth of total crop output.

Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. In 2005, Islamic Republic of Pakistan created twenty one,591,400 metric heaps of wheat, over all of Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly the maximum amount as all of South America (24,557,784 metric tons), consistent with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.[8] The country had harvested over twenty five to twenty three million heaps of wheat in 2012.

Pakistan has additionally cut the utilization of dangerous pesticides dramatically.

Pakistan could be a web food businessperson, except in occasional years once its harvest is adversely laid low with droughts. Islamic Republic of Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports edible fat, wheat, pulses and client foods. The country is Asia's largest artiodactyl market, second-largest apricot and clarified butter market and third-largest cotton, onion and milk market.

Vegetables Growing calendar in Pakistan

• Summer Vegetables:

Tomato, sweet pepper, Brinjal, Cucumber, Bottle Gourd, Sponge Gourd, Tinda Gourd, Pumpkin, Arum, Potato, Mint, Turmeric, Ginger,Hot pepper, Musk Melon,Bitter Gourd, Water Melon, Okra, Sweet Potato & Groundnut are summer crops.
The good time of sowing is spring (Feb, March) and they will produce till September, October.

Okra:
Okra could be a summer crop. offer|the availability|the provision} starts in early summer and makes costs fairly stable because of consistent supply. worth will increase quite quickly within the time of year. there's the necessity to explore the likelihood of okra production/supply throughout the time of year. In Sindh, there square measure 2 growing seasons of okra (i) February-March (ii) June-July. Pusa inexperienced selection starts giving inexperienced pods when forty days. In Thatta, Hyderabad and irrigated areas of Tharparkar, okra is cultivated within the months of Gregorian calendar month and November in winter and is equipped within the market throughout January/February and fetches smart worth.

Potato:

Potato is grownup underneath numerous seasons in numerous provinces. The autumn-sown potato is that the major crop and contributes hour to the full production within the county. it's seeded in September-October and harvested in December-January. The spring and summer crops every contribute two hundredth to the full production. The spring crop is seeded in January-February and harvested in April-May. within the hill, summer crop is seeded in March-May and harvested in September-October. The season and spring crops ar grownup in geographical region and KPK solely, whereas hill crop is seeded in geographical region, KPK and Baluchistan. the variety in season of potato in several agro-ecological regions makes it doable to confirm provides to the domestic customers throughout the year.

• Winter Vegetables:

The best sowing time of winter vegetables is Sept, Gregorian calendar month and that they can turn out until February, March.
Winter Vegetable includes: Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Carrot, Potato, Onion, Lettuce leaf, Radish, Turnip, Peas, Spinach, Fenugreek, Beets, Mustard, Coriander, Mint & GarlicThe on top of mentioned seasons square measure typically suited to most areas, however there square measure sure exceptions varied from crop to crop. for instance tomato will be grownup year around in urban center or similar areas, however you can't grow it in those elements of country wherever frost is for certain additionally there square measure totally different|completely different} varieties for various seasons for instance summer Radish selection is different from winter selection.
Early and late sowing also can be useful, prepare phanerogam of spring planting in winter beneath plastic sheets & fall planting in summers beneath shades these crops can offer you off-season vegetables that square measure otherwise terribly expensive in market.

Forestry

About solely four-dimensional of land in Asian country is roofed with forest. The forest of Asian country ar a main supply of food, lumber, paper, fuelwood, latex, medication furthermore as used for functions of life conservation and touristry.

Fishery

Fishery and fishing business plays a very important role within the financial set-up of Asian nation. With a outline of concerning 1046 metric linear unit, Asian nation has enough piscary resources that stay to be totally developed. it's conjointly a serious supply of export earning. cultivation is additionally a speedily developing business in Asian nation. particularly the Punjab Province has incontestible rising in fish farming. GIFT fish genus culture has conjointly been introduced quite recently in Asian nation particularly Punjab province.

Land distribution and land reform

Some reformers have goddamn imbalance in land possession in Asian nation for taking part in an area in "maintaining economic condition and food insecurity". per the Pakistan-based organisation, Society For Conservation and Protection of The atmosphere (SCOPE), regarding half (50.8%) of rural households in Asian nation area unit landless, whereas five-hitter of the country’s population owns nearly simple fraction (64 percent) of its farmland. (The United Nations agency found that per 2000 agricultural census sixty three.3% of rural households were landless. Of the remaining thirty seventh of rural households, sixty one of those owned fewer than five acres, totaling V-day of total land. 2 % of households owned fifty acres or additional, accounting for thirty % of total acreage.) Concentration of possession is additionally thought to be less productive than owner farmed land. per the planet Bank, "most empirical proof indicates that land productivity on massive farms in Asian nation is not up to that of little farms, holding different factors constant."Small farmers have "higher internet returns per hectare" than massive farms, per farm home financial gain knowledge.Sharecropper productivity is additionally lower (about 20%) than possessor productivity, holding different factors constant, as a result of there's less incentive for sharecroppers’ own-labour inputs.