Psychological paradigms in the 20th century. Forecasts for the development of psychology. /part 10/

The main merit of cognitive psychology is to elucidate and explore the fact that people in their behavior are guided not only by the physical image of the objects and phenomena that surround them, but by the meaning they have. Basic concepts in cognitive psychology is behavior . Psychoanalysis - according to the representatives of this school, psychology should be a science that studies the unconscious and its interrelation with the conscious in the human psyche. Representatives include Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Anna Freud, Eric Eriksson.

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Fundamentally, psychoanalysis is linked to Freud's name, it means an expansion of the soul, appearing on the basis of psychiatric practice for the treatment of mental illness. Unlike Freemasons, Freud and his followers strive to erase the difference between the sick and the healthy, not between the human and the animal. This imposes a new approach in which external stimuli are abandoned and attention is transferred to the instinct as a particular inner force driving the mental life of man. According to Freud, psychoanalysis means: a) a procedure for examining otherwise difficult psychic processes; b) a method of treating neurotic disorders which are based on this study; c) a number of scientific knowledge acquired through research, which gradually developed into a new scientific discipline.

Psychoanalysis is said to be: - a method of exploration that consists of clarifying dreams, fantasies, insane ideas, based on free associations of the subject, but psychoanalytic interpretation can also be applied to the works of an author; - a psychotherapeutic method based on a personality study and characterized by a controlled interpretation of resistance, conveyance and desire; - a set of psychological and psychopathological theories, which systematize the details of the psychoanalytic method of research and treatment.

Freud's main thesis is that psychic is a struggle between conscious and unconscious manifestations, with unconscious having a priority role. The main instincts are: the instinct for life - sexual / eros / and the instinct to death / tanatos / which explains the aggressive and destructive manifestations. It should be emphasized, however, that in Freud's and his followers the sexual instinct has a wider meaning than what we take in everyday life.