Important to know the autoimmune thyroiditis.
Community of @steemit autoimmune thyroiditis in our time is considered the most common of the diseases of the thyroid gland, so I have a special interest in publicizing its symptoms, diagnosis, classification and causes.
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Autoimmune thyroiditis is a chronic disease of the thyroid gland, which is characterized by an autoimmune inflammation, the result of which is often hypothyroidism.
Statistics show that in 50% of cases, relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis have circulating antibodies against the thyroid gland. Or other autoimmune diseases, such as pernicious anemia, primary autoimmune hypocorticism, chronic autoimmune hepatitis, type I diabetes, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., are observed in one family.
Symptoms of autoimmune thyroiditis.
One of the symptoms of autoimmune thyroiditis is the sensation of discomfort in the neck, which is experienced when wearing a high neck, scarf or veil.
When there is thyroiditis, typically, the patient has slow movements. The complexion is pale with a yellowish tinge, the face is swollen, the facial features are rough, the eyelids are swollen. On the pale face - an unhealthy blush on the cheekbones and the tip of the nose in the form of red spots.
When there is thyroiditis, the hair is sparse and fragile, it often falls out of the spotlight, resulting in a bald area. Hair loss is observed not only in the head, but also in the armpits and the pubic area. There is also a symptom of Hertog, that is, hair loss from the outer third of the eyebrows.
When there is thyroiditis the person speaks, and has a weak facial expression, the face practically does not change the expression.
When there is thyroiditis there is an alteration in speech that occurs due to the swelling of the tongue. The tongue becomes large, thick, traces of teeth remain on the lateral surfaces. In addition, swelling of the nasal mucous membranes occurs, the patient has to breathe through the mouth.
When there is thyroiditis you suffer from difficulty breathing. The skin of a patient of this type is dry and pale, its elasticity is reduced, it has a yellowish tint and, sometimes, it forms thick folds. When it feels the skin is rough and cold.
When there is thyroiditis the patient complains of severe fatigue, poor performance and a constant desire to sleep. It is worth paying attention to a decrease in memory and a change in the voice (it becomes hoarse).
When there is thyroiditis in women, the menstrual cycle is often disturbed. Monthly delay for several days or weeks. Menstruation is scarce. There is uterine bleeding. These menstrual disorders can cause the development of amenorrhea, the complete cessation of menstruation. As a result, infertility develops. Some patients begin to disrupt the secretion of the breast nipples, mastopathy.
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When there is thyroiditis in men, there is a decrease in sexual desire and impotence.
In addition, a common symptom of thyroiditis is dry mouth in the morning without much thirst. In the event that the child suffers from this disease, it is usually noticeably delayed behind his peers in growth and mental development. From the above, it can be concluded that the complaints and the appearance of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism are quite eloquent.
In general lines The degree of symptomatic manifestation of this disease depends on the level of thyroid hormones in the blood (thyroxine, triiodothyronine). With a decrease in the level of hormones, symptoms of hypothyroidism appear: lethargy, apathy, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, sore throat, memory impairment, it is also possible to increase the size of the thyroid gland . In the case of an increase in the level of thyroid hormones, the patient has problems in the work of the heart, rapid heartbeat, tremors in the fingers, weight loss, severe fatigue, irritability and mood swings.
Diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis.
For diagnostic purposes, a general blood and biochemical test, an immunogram, a blood test to determine the thyroid level (thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) is performed. It is also necessary to perform an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, a fine needle biopsy of the thyroid gland. The doctor also analyzes the patient's family history and the history of life.
Classification of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Autoimmune thyroiditis includes a group of diseases that are of the same nature.
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (lymphomatous, lymphocytic thyroiditis, ustar.- Hashimoto goiter) develops as a result of the progressive infiltration of T lymphocytes into the parenchyma of the gland, an increase in the number of antibodies against the cells and leads to the gradual destruction of the thyroid gland. As a result of the violation of the structure and function of the thyroid gland, the development of primary hypothyroidism (reduction of the level of thyroid hormones) is possible. Chronic AIT has a genetic nature, it can manifest itself in the form of familiar forms, combined with other autoimmune disorders.
Postpartum thyroiditis occurs more frequently and is the most studied. Its cause is the excessive reactivation of the body's immune system after its natural depression during pregnancy. If there is a predisposition, this can lead to the development of destructive autoimmune thyroiditis.
Painless thyroiditis is similar to postpartum, but its appearance is not associated with pregnancy, its causes are unknown.
Cytokine-induced thyroiditis can occur during the course of treatment with interferon preparations of patients with hepatitis C and blood diseases.
Such variants of autoimmune thyroiditis, such as postpartum, painless and cytokine-induced thyroiditis, are similar to the gradual elimination of the processes that occur in the thyroid gland. In the initial stage, a destructive thyrotoxicosis develops, which subsequently becomes transient hypothyroidism, and in most cases ends with the restoration of thyroid function.
Causes of autoimmune thyroiditis.
The development of this disease can cause the genetic predisposition of an individual, along with the influence of environmental factors on the body, such as climate, diet and lifestyle characteristics, and as a result, antibodies against the tissues of the body. Thyroid glands are formed in the human body, thus causing an inflammatory process. In addition certain medications, high doses of iodine, prolonged exposure to the sun can also have a provocative effect.
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