Are Black Holes Just Dark Stars?

Black holes constantly tease us with their singularities and paradoxes. But scientists are not giving up and proposing they could actually be just dark stars with a Planck core. While a cool idea, it’s certainly not mainstream.

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Black holes – gravitational monsters well known to most from science fiction – are very popular and even more mysterious. They first came out of the equations of Einstein’s relativity but they are full of questions and physical paradoxes so not all physicists believe they exist in the form we usually think of them. With an event horizon and an ever-hungry singularity.

Truthfully, there is a bunch of alternative hypothetical objects that their authors propose instead of classical black holes. It’s a whole parade of daring theories from dark energy stars, GEODE objects, gravastars, black stars, or dark stars.

Now, Igor Nikitin from the Fraunhofer Institute for Scientific Algorithms and Computing comes with a new theory in his new study. According to the study, what we call black holes could actually be dark stars. More specifically Radial Dark Matter stars (RDM-stars) don’t have a singularity at their core but a so-called Planck Core. They would be made from matter compressed to the smallest relevant possible distance in physics – Planck length which is 1.6×10 to the power of -35 meters.

If Nikitin is correct then many things would change. While Plank cores are still quite super-extreme objects they are still no singularities. But without a singularity, you also don’t have an event horizon either, and thus you lose the famous black hole paradoxes. While the hearth of a dark star with a Planck core is still massive gravity, it cannot beat the speed of light so radiation can possibly leave such an object. But they are still a bit of a bottomless gravity well so it would not be easy to distinguish between them for an outside observer.

As it tends to be in these cases, this daring theory doesn’t solve just a single problem of modern physics. Nikitin’s dark Planck core stars could also radiate very low energy particles. Some of them might even be particles of the ever so sought-after dark matter.

What needs to be remembered is that Nikitin’s theory has very little chance to actually succeed. But it also clearly shows how big of a problem are black holes and how scientists keep coming up with strange ideas to solve them.

Sources:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.07769

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