How X-rays works
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, capable of traversing certain structures and materials, which allows it to generate images in a unique way. X-rays, as the name implies, are radiation rays, with a wavelength shorter than ultraviolet light, which use the same principle as radio waves, microwave waves, infrared rays, lightning ultraviolet light and gamma rays.
The letter X of its name, comes from its discovery, when at that time it was a form of unknown radiation, for which, was decided to designate it with an "X", referring to an unknown quantity.
Although X-rays were invented by accident, today they are very useful for science, especially for medicine. These allow us to generate images and perform studies of various organs and bones of the body in a non-invasive way, that is, without causing injuries or physical damage to the body, thus allowing the study and detection of diseases.
Now, how do x-rays work?
These rays work in a similar way to the rays of light that we perceive daily with our eyes, but being much more powerful and with more energy. X-rays are generated in special equipment which heats a cathode at high temperatures. This equipment has an opening through which it allows the exit of a beam with great concentration, this ray travels until having contact with some surface.
The ray at the time of contact with a surface will behave differently depending on the composition of the surface, because materials with high concentration absorb radiation, such as bones. On the other hand, if it is a soft tissue, the rays will pass through it.
Generally, the rays are printed on a plate that is located later to the object to which the beam is directed, generating a black and white image, or in gray scales, called x-ray. In the X-rays you can see white areas, in which dense areas were found and therefore the tissues absorbed the radiation of the rays, however, if a black area is observed, there was a soft tissue, or simply air was found and therefore the beam has passed freely or quite easily, generating that dark tonality. That is why, depending on the density of the tissues, different tones will be observed, varying between the different structures.
Even though the method of generating an x-ray by printing the rays directly on it, is the best known method, the most modern equipment allows to generate a computer image without the need to project the rays directly onto the plate.
Although x-rays are very useful for medicine, exposure to radiation from these rays is quite delicate, and represents a risk to the health of people, which is why it’s necessary be very careful at the moment to undergo one of these methods, and certain precautions must be taken to reduce as much as possible the incidence that the action of these rays may have on the body and more specifically on the cells.
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