Sugar & Slavery, Caffeine & Psylocybin

This is one of my favorite assertions from Terence McKenna involving sugar, slavery, caffeine, and psylocybin.

Terrence McKenna
Excerpted from
"A Weekend With Terrence McKenna" Feb. 1992

Psilocybin actually erodes the ego. This is what is put against a lot of
psychedelics. They say, "These stoners, they don't punch the time clock, and
when you threaten to fire them, it seems to have no effect on them. I don't
know how to reach these people." Well, the way you reach them is you appeal to
something other than the ego.

Modern industrial civilization has very skillfully promoted certain drugs and
supressed others. A perfect example is caffeine. Caffeine -- I hate to tell
you this -- caffeine is a fairly dangerous drug. It isn't dangerous in that a
cup of coffee will kill you, but a lifestyle built around caffeine is not going
to -- you're not going to live to be a hundred years old, or even seventy,
unless you are statistically in the improbably group. Why is caffeine not only
tolerated but exalted? Because, boy, you can spin those widgets onto their
winkles just endlessly without a thought on your mind. It is the perfect
drug for modern industrial manufacturing. Why do you think caffeine, a
dangerous, health destroying, destructive drug, that has to be brought from the
ends of the earth, is enshrined in every labor contract in the Western world as
a right? The coffee break -- if somebody tried to take away the coffee break,
you know, the masses would rise in righteous fury and pull them down. We don't
have a beer break. We don't have a pot break. I mean, if you suggested,
"Well, we don't want a coffee break. We want to be a ble to smoke a joint at
eleven," they would say, "Well, you're just some kind of -- you're a social
degenerate, a troublemaker, a mad dog, a criminal." And yet, the cost health
benefit of those two drugs, there's no comparison. Obviously, pot would be the
better choice. The problem is, then you're going to be standing there
dreaming, rather than spinning the widgets onto the nuts. (laughter)

Coca leaves would be very good. I suspect in the near future we may see the
legalization of coca as a sop to the mentality that wishes to see cocaine...
Andy Weil, who's a good friend of mine -- we don't agree on everything, but --
a few years ago he had great enthusiasm for a coca chewing gum. And I never
got on the bandwagon because I didn't see that we needed another high focus
industrial stimulant on the market. But coca would be great, and certainly in
the Amazon, if you're a petrone, you encourage your workers to chew coca. I
mean, they're worthless without coca. Give them coca and put a machete in
their hands and they will just flail for hours at the bush.

Another example that's interesting, that shows how blinded and unaware we are
of how drugs have shaped our society...We all know that slavery ended in the
United States in the Civil War. And most people, if you question them, think
that slavery existed before the Civil War in many places back into ancient
times. This is not true at all. Slavery died in Western civilization with the
collapse of the Roman empire. During the Dark Ages and the medieval period, if
you owned a slave, you owned one slave. It was the equivalent of owning a
Ferrari or a Lamborghini. It was an index of immense wealth, and social
status, and that slave would be a houseboy, or a cook or something like that,
someone close in to you, taking care of you. It was inconceivable to use slave
labor in the production of an agricultural product, until Europe acquired an
insatiable desire for sugar.

Now, let's think about sugar for a moment. Nobody needs sugar. You can go
from birth to the grave without ever having a teaspoon full of white sugar.
You will never miss it. Throughout the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages, sugar
was a drug, a medicine. It was used to pack wounds, to keep wounds septic.
And it was very expensive and there was very little of it. Nobody even knew
where it came from. It was called cane honey, because they knew it came from
some kind of jointed grass, but nobody had a clear picture of what sugar was.

Well, when you extract sugar from sugar cane, it requires, in pre-modern
technology, a temperature of about 130 degrees. You cannot -- free men will
not work sugar. It's too unpleasant. You faint, you die from heat
prostration. You have to take prisoners and you have to chain them to the
sugar vats. And so, before the discovery of America, in the fifty years before
the discovery of America, they began growing sugar cane in the east Atlantic
islands, Medeira and the Canary Islands. And they brought Africans, and sold
them into slavery specifically for sugar production.

Now when we get American history, they tell you that slaves were used to
produce cotton and tobacco. In fact, this is not quite the truth. They had to
find things for slaves to do, because they brought so many slaves to the New
World to work sugar, and they had so many children, that then they just
expanded and said, "Well, we've used slaves to work sugar, we might as well use
them in cotton and tobacco production." In 1800, every ounce of sugar entering
England was being produced by slave labor of the most brutal and demeaning
sort. And there was very little protest over this. It was just accepted. To
this day, sugar cultivation in the third world is a kind of institutionalized
slavery. Christian, you know, the Popes, the kings of Europe, all of Christian
civilization acquiesced in the bringing back of a practice that had been
discredited during the fall of Rome, in order to supply the insatiable need for
sugar. It was an addiction. It had no cultural defense whatsoever.

---

These things (psychedelics) have another quality which we haven't talked too
much about, which is, the psychedelics are the source of special information.
And these hierarchies want to control the information. I mean, in other words,
it's the pipeline to God problem. You know, the Protestant Reformation was a
whole effort to overthrow the Papal claim that you couldn't just pray. You had
to have theologians interpret scripture and dogma, and they would gently guide
you toward the right understanding, but that you weren't supposed to have a
direct relationship to spirit. You were supposed to leave that to experts.

So I think that's another issue, that the psychedelics empower, with gnosis,
true information. And every society is based on a lie of some sort. So having
people going around the official lie and getting in touch with reality turns
them into social dissidents. And you have to control that. I mean, that was
exactly what happened in the 1960's. What happened was, too many people were
getting stoned, and then checking out of the official canon of the culture.
And people just said, you know, "You can take that job and shove it." And this
was very alarming. Now every society can tolerate a certain amount of this.
You always have people who just aren't playing the game. But what happening in
the 1960's was that LSD entered the picture, and LSD is different from all
other psychedelics in one tremendously important quality, and that is:

A single skilled chemist, in a small apartment, with about $40,000 worth of
equipment, in a single long weekend, can produce forty to sixty million hits of
a drug. Forty to sixty million hits! This is a loaded gun at the head of
society. Now I wrote a book on growing mushrooms, and years ago grew mushrooms
quite a bit. And I can tell you, an absolutely dedicated mushroom grower,
working his ass off for six months, can produce maybe four or five thousand
hits of mushrooms. In other words, it's entirely a neighborhood phenomenon.
It doesn't affect the dials that measure the fate of society. But you produce
forty to sixty million hits of a drug, you have entered the realm of global
politics. You now probably have more power -- you and your friends probably
now have more power to affect the fate of the world than, let's say, the
government of Switzerland. Well, no, not Switzerland, they have the banks.
But -- the government of Finland, let's say. You have just shoved Finland out
of the way and taken your place in the hierarchy. So no government would put
up with that for a moment.

---

You see, the hidden issue, and it need not be hidden among us...the government
always tries to paint itself as the mother hen, concerned about her errant
chicks. And so, to keep you from crashing into other people on the freeway, to
keep you from leaping out of buildings or committing society, we have to
control these drugs. As a matter of fact, you know, this is absurd. More
people die because of alcohol than all illegal drugs combined in a given year.
The government is not your friend on this issue. The government is very
concerned to control the mass mind. And marijuana -- my God, since the British
Commission on Hemp, which was in 1889, I believe -- the British East India
Company commissioned a study of hemp -- they have spent millions and millions
and millions of dollars to find something, anything, you name it, wrong with
cannabis. There is nothing wrong with cannabis. It is the most thoroughly
tested, pawed over, and examined drug in human history. And they just come up
with the lamest stuff. I mean, they tell you, you know, you're gonna have
tits. Give me a break. They say, "You won't be motivated in your job." Like
your job is supposed to be the (pinnacle) against which all things are to be
measured.

And I think people on our side of this question have been tremendously naive,
because people just think, "We just have to convince them that it's harmless."
It ain't harmless. It is a knife poised at the heart of dominator values.
It would make the modern industrial assembly line, political loyalites, the
macho image projection -- all of these little tricks that they're running are
severely eroded by cannabis. And they will stop at nothing to eradicate it.
Look at the budget of the DEA -- what are they doing? They're giving, 65% is
dedicated to cannabis eradication. Heroin gets 20%, coke gets all the rest.
It's demonstrably absurd the way the money is spent, unless you have a secret
agenda of some sort. And if your agenda is to supress the evolution of
unwanted social attitudes in the American public, then you have to keep your
eye on cannabis very very closely. The new guy who heads the War on Drugs,
Martinez? This guy, I heard him on NPR this week, and his most passionate
moment in the half hour interview was, he said, "We have pushed the price of an
ounce of cannabis past the price of an ounce of gold, and we're going to keep
it that way." Nothing about eradication, talk about keeping the price high.
The fact that they refuse to tax it when they're starving for revenue shows
that there must be a secret agenda. It doesn't make any kind of sense.

When I wrote this book, I did a lot of research on an area I didn't know that
much about, which is, let's say from 1500 to the present, drugs of addiction.
And what I discovered is drug smuggling is like assassination. If the
government isn't involved, it never seems to really happen. And governments
have been using drugs for centuries as forms of secret revenue. This whole
sugar thing that I laid out to you, those were decisions made by the crown
headsof Europe in collusion with the Pope. It wasn't common people who set
those policies in place.

During the 1960's, when the black ghettos began to come apart, suddenly number
three China white heroin was cheaper and more available than it had ever been
in any time in this history of the heroin problem in the United States. Why?
Because the CIA saw, you know, all these black guys are getting up, a bunch of
uppity niggers as the government calls them, you just smother it in heroin.
Get everybody either hooked or making money...

And they don't care really about the effects of drugs, and one group, one
faction will work against another. For example, I'm a great afficianado of
hashish, and hashish became very hard to get in the United States in the late
70's. But as soon as the Russians invaded Afghanistan, suddenly there was
massive amounts of excellent Afghani hashish, at prices that nobody had seen
for fifteen years. Well, the reason was, the CIA knows that hashish is not
really a problem. But what they wanted is, they wanted an income for the
mujahadin. And they had to pay for all these weapons. So they just started
bringing it in wholesale. And it wasn't even a smuggling operation. I mean, I
received reports from people who said, you know, "Smuggling? They're not
smuggling. They're unloading it on pier 39, union local 1030 is taking off,
you know, five hundred pound blocks of hashish by the tens of thousands." And
the day the Afghan war ended? They staged an enormous series of interlocking
busts on their own infrastructure, and they closed it down, and they pulled it
to pieces.

When Khomeni kicked out the Shah, the Iranian heroin business then fell under
the control of the mulahs, and at that point, suddenly cocaine emerges as a
major problem in the United States, because we just switched our supply lines.
We could no longer depend on Iranian heroin, because we couldn't depend on
these screwy Islamic fundamentalists, so we just turned toward all of these
company assets in Honduras and Ecuador and Columbia. Very, very cynical.

You know, it's only been a hundred and twenty years since the so called opium
wars. Very few people know what the opium wars, what was the issue in the
opium wars. Well, it turns out the British government wanted to deal opium in
China, and the Chinese Emperor told them to get lost. And they flipped. And
they sent naval units, and they laid siege to several Chinese cities, and they
forced the Chinese imperial court to agree that they could deal as much opium
as they wanted on the wharves of Shanghai...

The Japanese, when they invaded Manchuria in the Second World War, they
immediately began producing heroin and opium in vast amounts, not then as an
economic strategy, but as a strategy to break the will of the Chinese
population by encouraging addiction, and there was vast amounts of opium
addiction. If any of you saw "The Last Emperor," you recall that his mistress
was severely addicted to opium, and it depicted it in a number of scenes.

So governments have very cynically manipulated drugs, so that the drugs which
make it possible for capitalism to function are cheap and freely available, and
the drugs which erode dominator values, or cause people to question their
situation, are savagely supressed.

How can we win if we're taking psychedelics (which erode the ego)? I think
that what we have to say is that we must win by example. You know, the I Ching
says you must never confront evil directly, because then it learns how to
defend itself. The hippies were certainly no threat to the government as a
military force, but as an example, as a model for others to follow, I think
they scared them to death. They were probably very happy to see them all turn
into Weathermen and begin hurling molotov cocktails. That they understood.
They could relate to that. But flowers in the barrels of their guns spelled
ruin and defeat, and they knew it.