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Nope .. As long as it keeps spiking it has not reached its bottom.. Every Spike is followed by a crash.. In my opinion BTC bottom could be around 4500$ but it has to stay around 4500$ for atleast 1-2 years then we can call it the BTC Bottom. If it spikes back from 4500$ then probably we are looking a much lower bottom.

BTC will not see the 'bottom' - the low level it once knew from yesteryears and no bubble will break. All the FUD that is being created is caused by the banks and the people who try to control how the world spends. I am certain that crypto will have a bright future as more and more applications based on it will revolutionize how the world works and there will be no looking back. The bulls and bears will have their pull and push game but eventually, it will stabilize

I had hoped that we had seen the bottom, but I'm afraid that we have not.

There is a 2014 study which looked into the fidelity of 6 commonly used polymerases. Here is the link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mbi/2014/287430/

Important line from the summary: "Based on minimizing PCR errors, Pfu polymerase, Pwo polymerase, and Phusion all produce acceptably low levels of mutations."

Phusion created more indel mutations than Pfu and Pwo so it should not be used if you are doing an ORF cloning project.

This 2017 study (https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/24/18/3546/2359477) found that Pfu DNA polymerase achieved the best fidelity.

However, in the 2014 study, they found that "Aside from fidelity considerations, amplification efficiency values were significantly higher for Phusion and Pwo compared to Pfu, although further optimization of the PCR reaction for Pfu would likely improve efficiency values."

So likely you will want to choose Pfu or Pwo depending on your experiment.

Those are old polymerases though, there are several engineered polymerases which are vastly superior to those from Pyrococcus furiosus or Pyrococcus woesei. Phusion, as mentioned above is good as that is the combination of the polymerase/nuclease domains from an archaeal polymerase as well as a double stranded DNA binding domain, for increased affinity. So out of the above listed pols, for the use case I asked Phusion is hands down the winner.

However there are other commercially available polymerases like Kapa biosciences HiFi DNA polymerase, or New England Biolabs Q5 which both achieve superior fidelity to Phusion. Those two are polymerases which are used for Next Gen sequencing amplifications specifically because of their incredibly low error rate. In the case of Q5, its error rate (while one is reported) is more due to the detection of oxidative damage during DNA preparatory steps then it is actual mistakes made by the enzyme itself.

Were I to be amplifying a gene out of genomic DNA I would likely use Q5 or KapaHiFi DNA polymerases, as they would have the lowest error rate.

Oh, wow, really cool! Thanks for the lesson :)

I'd suggest Taq polymerase. Works fine even in sequencing

Nope, Taq is a poor suggestion due to its high error rate (about 1/1000 nucleotides)

In the last steem update steem introduced this 12hr thing. Most people were seen upvoting content when close to payout time, so that they can get an instant payout. To solve this unfair voting techniques steem made a change.

We can vote and get paid in the last 12hr, but the voting stength reduce inversely with time.

12 hrs left - 100% curation reward
6hr left - 50% curation reward
0hrs left - 0% reward

In the last 12 hours only downvotes are allowed, this is to prevent users to get big upvotes without a chance to revert them.
Now we do have 12 hours where users can correct the abuse with downvotes.

This however doesn't prevent downvote abuse, this is why in the next version most likely the votes aren't prohibited completly, but are decreasing in value until the final payout.

It is basically to prevent misuse of the site, the voting power, the vested power, stopping reward pool rape and selfish interest voting groups. An instance where whales even sought money for voting was found and the person involved had to admit of wrongdoing. In the above case, the whale had voted just before the last 12 hour period began and for a single user who had been paying a percentage. Such misuse is detrimental to the basic goals of steemit

But how does the delay actually prevent this problem?

I believe the problem was that people were voting a lot within this 12 hour period so that not as many people would notice and be able to call them out on it. If a whale constantly upvoted the same user in the last 10 minutes, almost no one would be able to catch them doing it. Same would apply to downvotes.

Is there any evidence that it's not still happening, just 12 hours earlier?

The upvotes are a matter of public record so if "call them at it" is still possible, if somebody cares. to look.

Why do you think steem will have a bright future?

For the past few months, we have been seeing the price of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies declining. This even has an impact on steem as well. But compared to other cryptocurrencies, steem stays strong. As we are seeing so many applications built on top of the steem blockchain, I see a bright future for steem. @Musing is one best example. What is your opinion on this? Please share your views.

Steem is one the few crypto-currencies that has a developed and fully functional platform behind it.

It has a real world use case which is very uncommon in the cryto-world. Even a layman can see the use case for steem. In my opinion Steem does have a bright future ahead unless and until they dont mess it up themselves like Yahoo or Orkut. We all know that at one time Yahoo was way ahead of Google but just look at it now.

The technological niche is a fast changing sphere and thus to survive in it one has to be constantly addressing the shortcomings of a platform. As long as Steem is performing better than its rivals it will have a Bright Future.

Bitcoin generally tends to affect the entire market when it rises and falls. So it is normal to see Steem dip during the market downtrends. I personally believe Steem will have a bright future. Especially being that the Steemit platform, and many others at this point, depend on Steem.

For Steemit being the first of it's kind, blockchain driven social media platform, it is incredibly successful, and constantly being updated. I think we are still in the relative early stages of just how far Steemit is going to go.

Now that we are seeing incredible platforms arise left and right such as musing, and dlive, it's only going to get better from here.

The best has yet to come!

Steem is a very flexible platform with many potential use cases that can be built on it. It is really up to the developers imagination.

Next, Steem is one of the few projects that we actual see people actively using it and promoting it.

These 2 reasons alone are enough to justify the bright future which I foresee for Steem.

Can the blockchain at this time support massive user interactions/adoption? I think the active development continuing is vital moving forward, - scalability - but there is lots going on right now. I think the buzz speaks for itself, but many do get tired of the small returns and limited time frame for rewards. I think we will see changes here too as time goes on.

I totally agree with your opinion,steem is a good cryptocurrency that i admire so much because of the way the steem blockchain is operated,steem

is a very strong cryptocurrency and has his own
uniqueness which makes it a good crypto to

invest in which will yield good profit in the
future,the fact that there are so many projects

built under the steem blockchain makes it even more interesting and right now there are more

than one hundred big projects that are on the

steem blockchain meaning that more people believe in the steem market and more peoplle are

willing to invest on steem which would even enable steem to have a very bright future and

that is why every smart investor would want to invest on a cryptocurrency like steem,before the

end of 2018 i see steem reaching at least ten dollars

The only alt-coin that I know of that has such a large community and development going on behind it is Steem.

Steem at the moment is way ahead of everything else, I think it's just a matter of time before it starts rising on the charts. Plus at the end of the day because of the market that supports Steem and the demand It's also one of the safest and smartest coin to invest in.

Steem will have a bright future because more
investors are investing on steem,steem is getting

popular each day because many people now see the the benefit they will get from their investments

on a good cryptocurrency like steem,there are so many good projects using the steem market

which means that there is still going to be more

demands on the steem market,when a
cryptocurrency gets many demands it makes the cryptocurrency to worth more and become more

popular and better choice for cryptocurency investors...:

I think no beacause all are earning money by using bots only

Steem has a very good future because they are running many different programs and daily updated the team is very good the project behind this is very good and i always says if the project is good you can invest in it and be safe for long term.
Steem is competitor of many applications like youtube, blogger and many other concepts and this all are now a days coming in blockchain technology where steem blockchain has already made many progress in this technology.

I amn't a pessimistic but I do think steemit is not going to have that bright future as everyone is thinking. It may or may not have.
Initial people in steemit has grown a bit easily and now a days building a profile is becoming a bit hard.
Imagine if someone start another platform just like steemit then people would run there to catch the larger pie.
If the newer platforms provide better options than steemit then people would go there.
Steemit should be upgrading overtime just like the apple. Then I guess it would have the brightest future.

It is very special project cant be lost.

What are some good ways to promote a site like musing?

Since there are so many benefits to using the platform, as users what can we do to shoot it into the mainstream?

Just stay active on it, do your part by answering queries. A good platform with substance will always survive. People dint promote Quora, its content did its marketing. As long as the content stays relevant to someone's search the traffic is bound to come.

Have patience and let it grow. Word of mouth is the best publicity any platform can get. I don't think I ever saw an Advertisement for Google Search Engine on Television but still it is the best.

However Celebrity interviews, Q& A sessions could prove to be a big publicity stunt for Musing. That would be a good marketing ploy. But still after that you need to have substance.

Why can you not delete posts?

Why can't you delete a post after someone has upvoted or commented on it ?
Could it be because of the rewards ?

I assume thats the reason. As long as theres no interaction on a post, it can be deleted but as soon as someone interacts with the post, its permanent.

This is an interesting question. In Blockchain everything is decentralized. Anyone has access to view anything. We will be able to impose encryption but most of the things are kept open for everyone to view. There are both advantages and disadvantages in this.

The main advantage is that nothing can be hidden from the world. If we need a piece of information, it will be somewhere out there. We can always lookup. Due to this fact we will not be able to delete any transaction or broadcast in Blockchain. It becomes permanently available. This can be said as a disadvantage in a way but the weightage for it to be an advantage is more. That is why it takes a lable decentralized.

We will be able to hide a particular post or comment from visibility by adding a commit in top of the previous commit. If someone queries in the back end the previous version of the content will still be available but only the latest commit or broadcast will be visible in the UI.

It is indeed because of the rewards. Once somebody has voted on it he is earning curation rewards with it. It would be unfair to "steal" the other users their rewards for voting :)

Also note that there is no real deleting on a blockchain, everything is public and permanent once you post it, the only difference is if it is displayed on frontends like steemit.

This option could come in the next hardfork. some announcements are spreadly out already so it will be coming laters this year.

the form of permanent and no developers for changes on the website and application.

you can edit the post on steemit , title and tags as you are not able to delete a post , the previous post will still on blockchain but the viewers are not able to see it .

It's just the way the Steem blockchain works. A block builds upon the next block, and all the info is stored in all the blocks. That means that nothing can really be deleted from the blockchain unless you delete it before the next block hits, meaning you have 3 seconds.

That's not to say that things don't depend on the particular explorer you are using. It's possible that something can be developed to reveal 'versions' of former posts. Although things can't be deleted, it may be possible to mask with a separate version, or something... i'm sure they'll improve on this one day.

the next crypto currency bull run will come once the institutional investors enter the market and the bitcoin future contract team will stop manipulating crypto market. Once the market will shoot up the bitcoin will move to 25000 dollars and after that we see again a big dip.

By 2020 the block reward for BTC will be halved. Expect a massive bull run by 2021. In my opinion the till 2020 there will be spikes in price but you may not expect a massive Bull run.

I think you are right about the fact that we will see a new bull run when the block rewards for BTC halves again. I hope we get another one in the meantime though.

we dont know for sure

but my prediction id that in 2 months

It'll be very soon. It started

I'm not certain that the small rise we have seen the last few days is really the start of a bull run. But we will soon find out ;)

Please read this answer after the bull run start;

Now

Obviously no one can really know. I do hope that it happens during autumn this year, like the year before, but we will find out soon enough.

How does Bandwidth work on steemit ?

I don't understand how Bandwith works on steemit.
Could anyone explain it to me ? and everyone else with the same problem

Bandwidth is offered to Steemit users in proportion to how much Steem Power they have. If a user has X amount of Steem Power then he will receive Y amount of bandwidth. If another user has 5*X amount of Steem power then his bandwidth will be Y times 5. 


When a user posts something on Steemit, he losses some Bandwidth for that action. Users with a lot of Steem Power generally won't have their bandwidth run out to zero. But new users with 2-3 Steem Power may notice that their Bandwidth is very low after posting a lot of comments or posts. 


Steem users can check their Bandwidth allocation by visiting steemd.com/@[username of that person]. As an example, I have shown my bandwidth in the following image. I have 5.4gb of bandwidth left. Even 



Bandwith works with SP. If you have under 5sp, you have trouble with the bands. If you post once a day and do not comment too often, is enough 5sp. If you follow + + comments + more posts per day, you will consume enough band and you can have problems.

Di steemit Many people face this problem at the beginning. It was a very frustrating experience. Most new users don't know until they face this problem. They make lots of comments and posts without caring because they think it's like Facebook so they keep commenting, meresteem, upvote and follow. Until they will know when they can not post or comment any more, when an error message comes in when they want to create a bug or something and upvote.


So it needs to be in mind that Steemit is not like Facebook or Twitter, steemit works based on a blockchain system that has many limitations.


Steemit Platform is amazing, so you must know some of the provisions, written and unwritten rules that I have posted.


Understanding Steemit Bandwidth?

Bandwidth is the value of consumption of data transfers that are calculated in bits / seconds or commonly called bits per second (bps), between the server and the client in a certain time. Or the definition of bandwidth is the width or width of the frequency range used by the signal in the transmission media. So .. Bandwidth is Information carrying capacity. In Steemit This Can Be Blocked as How much information you can upload and download on certain Steemit blocks.


So the bandwidth carrying capacity depends on how much steem power you have and the benefits you get from certain steemit blocks. Because whenever you collect rewards you get certain parts in the steemit block chain that increases your bandwidth. So far I see that bandwidth really depends on how much profit you get in steem power to increase your own bandwidth. This means that the greater the reward and the more you get, the greater the bandwidth stored in your steemit access. and that doesn't depend on your STEEM POWER. The rewards you get give you certain parts of the blockchain that increase your bandwidth.


What is Bandwitdh in steemit?

Steemit has a threshold, for that bandwidth has been reduced to prevent automatic spam. And you can check it in


Everything you do (posts, voting, comments, etc.) will consume a small amount of your bandwidth. Every user has a limited amount of bandwidth to be used every week. Users with more Steem (Steem Power) power will have a higher amount of bandwidth.


You can check how much bandwidth you have currently based on the current limit at https://steemd.com/@ youraccountname.


Usually everyone's bandwidth allowance is quite high, and users can use the network freely without interruptions (constraints). Sometimes when blockchain gets busy because of the large number of users, each person's individual bandwidth allowance may go down until the network becomes less busy.

the bandwidth occurs because our steam power is weak eg its 10 so the bandwidth it depends on SP and SP we little then to post comments and like it is very limited for that, raise sp and you will not feel the bandwidth back

I see that some people have already answered you, but I wanted to also add the following: bandwidth on Steem will be changed to another system in the upcoming Hardfork 20 update. After this there will be no bandwidth, but rather a Resource Credit. You can read more about the new, upcoming system is this post: https://steemit.com/bandwidth/@steemitblog/blockchain-update-2-hf20-progress-and-bandwidth-changes

Moved to the Hive platform.

Got over a million worth of Bitcoin, but forgot the password to the wallet. What to do?

Six years ago I persuaded a friend to buy some Bitcoins. Now his wallet contains over 1 million dollars worth of Bitcoins, but he has forgotten the password to the wallet.
He has promised me half if I can help him get access to the wallet. What can we do???

Unfortunately, you`'re unable to regain access to your wallet if you've lost or forgotten your password. This is because you don't have access to your wallet or your wallet password. You can read more about how our wallet works here. If you are getting the error message "Error decrypting wallet" when attempting to log in, then this means the password you're using is incorrect.

If you find yourself in this situation, I recommend trying the steps below:

  1. Try to log in using every possible password combination you may have used.

  2. Your 12 word Wallet Recovery Phrase can be used if you forget your password. Enter the phrase using this form to create a new wallet that contains all the addresses and balances contained in your previous wallet. Keep in mind, this process does NOT include funds stored in any Imported Addresses.

Bitcoin wallets are protected by 256bit encryption meaning there are 2^256 different private key combinations.

Now, With fastest supercomputer power, it will take approx. 1.5 billion years to crack it...

Good News
According to Moore's law computers are getting faster exponentially every year, so if we assume that the computer speed doubles every year, then after 59 years it will take 1.13 year to crack your BTC wallet.


So tell your friend to wait for 59 years....
Maybe he can write it in his will for his grandchildren's so they can try cracking it...:)

That would mean that it would take 1.13 years for anyone to crack anyone's, breaking bitcoin entirely

there is only one way to recover password that i cant tell you in this public answer

Your friend just need to sit down and try his best to remember it. There's not a single thing that can be done about it unless he magically remembers it again.

keep trying to remember the forgotten password ;)

Practice mindfulness for ten years. Train yourself to enter your deep subconscious and search your mind for the password that you forgot.

You and your friend lose all of them. Nothing you can do.
That why bitcoin is very very secure.

There are several ways you can make a new password or you can have a password .it doesn't mean that millions of Bitcoin are present so you can regain your password of any volume of Bitcoin present.

1)if you forget your password then you can recovery your email address and you get your password there.

2)if you have 12 digit password recovery password then you can able to get the new password with the help of 12 digit password,which you can click on forget password and you can type the password there so you get your new password in your gmail account.

3)if you don't have email I'd in which you had registered and also 12 digit code then it would be very difficult to get a new password.So you have to save your password in your gmail account.

In your turn promise me to get half of the half your friend will give you and i will tell you how to recover his wallet ;) :D

Forget that you got a million worth of Bitcoin, LOL

How would Steem compete with EOS?

It's very easy to move dapps already running on Steem to EOS by writing smart contract. I know there will be SMT sometime, but I think the development takes too long, no clear timeline and most of all, writing smart contract on EOS can beat the almost every single feature SMT provides.

How you guys think about this?

ONO on EOS is an example of a competitor. I think ultimately, Steem might have the first mover advantage in this regard. It really comes down to the development of the community and how quickly developers start to use Steem -- much like this Musing.io site.

STEEM has the first mover advantage but I personally believe that the Dev Team is too slow and @ned wanted the community to do too much.
Since I have been here (almost a year), almost NO Upgrades came from the STEEM Dev Team. All the inovation came from developers doing projects.
Do you know anyone in STEEM Dev Team except NED?
When I look at ONO they have a strong team, they have money, they are supported by Dan and they are well known in Asia and are managed as a company.
They will win the "social" war in my opinion.

I suspect there is more going on 'behind the scenes' within the dev team at Steemit than people think. They have spoken about building an infrastructure that can scale. Scaling will be hugely important, especially when they open the floodgates to new Steemians with automated registration, SMTs etc.

Personally, I am less fussed about the current look / UX of Steemit right now as new Dapps will no doubt be built to deliver a better experience (if Steemit doesn't get there first...).

As for EOS, we'll have to wait and see. They definitely have the cash, but that's not always a good thing as they could end up trying to bite off more than they can chew. Having Dan on board is a huge bonus for them but he has been behind Steem too so it also comes with good pedigree.

It's going to be an interesting 6-12 months and it might just be that the arrival of EOS is just what Steem needed...

I think the more important think to improve is the registration process so it can compare to other blockchain platforms

steem is only decentralised blockchain with social media platform having huge fan following and i dont think its eaiser for eos for such kind of mass adoption but its not impossible although. and eos have some technologies which steem can copy to make them up in the market

If there is more involvement, it will definitely compete with Eos

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