Technology giveth....
...........were it not for tech populations would not exceed their food supply...they'd die due to exposure, predator attack, and war. Due to high tech those factors have been for the most part eliminated. Certainly there is more war deaths...in total. But as a percentage of population it has drastically declined.

Overall population increases

Tech taketh away..

A high standard of living is the best birth control. In the seventies the birth rate fell off the demographic cliff. At the present in the wealthy nations it's below replacement levels, and rapidly declining every where else.

It takes a while between cause and effect.

population level follows fertility..

The earth's population is predicted to begin a drastic decline by the year 2100

given his assumption Malthus may have been right.
His assumptions were wrong.