ENGLISH GRAMMAR: Figures of Speech: Pictures - Part 2

Figure of speech is a mode or expression in words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to add beauty or emotional intensity or to transfer the poet's sense. It is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. It often provides emphasis, a freshness of expression, or clarity.

Figure of Speech Enhance the Author's Creation

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PICTURES

Simile

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Simile: using like & as

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1. Simile: It is stated that there is a likeness between two things; usually they are alike in one respect only.

• Diaphenia like the daffydown dilly,
  White as the sun, fair as the lily.

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A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things. The simile is usually in a phrase that begins with "as" or "like." (This is different from a metaphor, which is a comparison that says something is something else.) The often nonsensical aspect of similes makes them a fun way to get kids excited about reading and writing.
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/simile-examples-for-kids.html

Metaphors

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1. Metaphor: It is implied that there is a likeness between two things, in one respect.

• Knowledge is the key to power.
• Tyger, Tyger, burning bright
  In the forests of the night.
• . . . And Thrush
  Through the echoing timber doth so rinse and wring.
  Metaphors: Comparing two or more unlike things: Saying one is the other, without using the words "like" or "as".
  
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Metaphors are sometimes expanded into whole stories, such as Allegories, Parables and Fables.
The Pilgrim's Progress is a allegory; it is a story in which a man's spiritual life is compared to a journey (but, as in all metaphors, the comparison is only implied).

The story of The Prodigal Son is a parable; it is a short allegory, told to teach a moral lesson.
The story of The Fox and the Grapes is a fable; in fables the characters are animals, but the moral, which is usually stated at the end, is meant to apply to men.

Personification

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1. Personification: An abstract quality or an inanimate creature is represented as acting like a person.
   "Care-charmer sleep, son of the sable night,
   Brother to death, in silent darkness born."
   "Busy old fool, unruly sun!"

Metonymy

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1. Metonymy: Instead of naming the thing itself, the name of something associated with it is given.
   
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   The sceptre, learning, physic must
   All follow this and come to dust.

Synecdoche

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1. Synecdoche: The part represents the whole (the particular, the general: the abstract, the concrete, etc.) and vice versa.
   Some mute inglorious Milton: here may rest. (particular for general)
   Some Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood. (abstract for concrete.)
   All hands to the pumps!

Euphemism

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1. Euphemism: An unpleasant or frightening thing is called by a pleasant or harmless-sounding name. Euphemisms throw a curious and interesting light on human nature.
   Fear: to go west, to peg out, to pass on (to die); a serious illness; a critical illness; Undertaker.
   Shame: perspire (for sweat); expectorate (spit); neither garments (trousers). (Notice how we hide behind long and foreign-sounding words).

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These six figures may all be called pictures of imagery; in essence, they are all metaphors, the metaphor being far the commonest and most interesting figure of speech.

To follow Part 3: DEVICES

Sources: English Grammar: EBH Joubert
https://kidskonnect.com/language/figurative-language/
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4291772/
https://www.slideshare.net/guestd6a33d/figure-of-speech
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification