Stages of the germination process of the seeds

Hello, friends of Steemians, in this opportunity I bring you the topic about the germination process of the seeds and to start the topic, it is necessary to give a brief explanation of the parts of the seed.

The seeds: are the mature ovules of the gymnosperm and angiosperm plants, the seeds are formed by a shell or shell (Episperm), an embryo and stored food (Endosperm). The shell is a hard layer that is formed from the wall of the ovule, that is, where the embryo is enclosed, the hardness of this layer varies between the different types of seeds, for example: the avocado seed has a thin mucilage , a difference of the peach seed that has a quite hard shell, and others like the fleshy skin that covers the yew seeds; so that the coverage of the seeds varies between one seed and another; And also the hardness of this layer, will define the moment of its germination.

The embryo: It is basically a miniature plant, from the upper part of the embryo the leaves and the stem will emerge, and from the lower part the roots of the future plant will be formed; the embryo constitutes a small part of the seed, in the seeds of almost all the plants, the embryo stops growing when it is very small and enters a state of "suspended animation" or dormancy, and while the embryo sleeps inside the seed, This can survive long periods of cold, heat or drought. The embryo is formed by four parts: The radicle, Plúmula, Hipocotilo and Cotyledón.

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Parts of the embryo:

• Radicular: It is a first rudimentary root that has the embryo. From this root secondary roots and hairs will be developed to improve the absorption of nutrients.
• Plumule: It is a bud that is on the opposite side to the radicle.
• Hipocotilo: It is the space between the radicle and the plumule. This part will become a stem
• Cotyledon: It is the first or two first leaves of the embryo of a flowering plant. According to the number of cotyledons that the seed has, it is divided into monocots, which will have a single leaf, while the dicotyledons develop two cotyledons. Source

Germination

Germination is a process by which a seed develops into a new plant. This process begins with the entry of water into the seed, which is known as "imbibition", which will allow the tissues inside the seed they are hydrated enough so that the embryo swells and the cover or shell of the seed breaks. But for this process to take place, it is necessary that there are the basic elements for the development of the new plant: temperature, water, oxygen and mineral salts.

When the environmental conditions are favorable for the seed, the embryo is reanimated and begins to grow once more. The embryo for its growth uses the food stored in the cotyledon of the seed until the future plant can make its own food.

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Seed germination process

As we indicated, for the germination process to be carried out, it is necessary that the environmental conditions are favorable for the seed to recover the biological activity, therefore the seed must remain in a moist substrate, and with sufficient oxygen availability. that allows aerobic respiration, and in addition to a suitable temperature for the different metabolic processes and for the development of the seedling. When the seed finds the ideal environmental conditions, it begins to suffer a series of metabolic changes.

Phases of the germination process:
Within the process of germination, it is necessary that the seed has a certain amount of water available so that it can leave the state of dormancy and begin its growth and development, in this case the seed goes through three vital stages:

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• Hydration stage: This stage is carried out through the imbibition process, which refers to the absorption of water, this is the most important phase of germination, since without the presence of water, no Germination can occur. In this first phase there is an intense absorption of water that will allow different tissues to hydrate and the embryo will swell until it breaks the shell that covers it and the embryonic root grows towards the ground to extract the nutrients and minerals.
• Stage of germination: In this second stage, the cotyledon emerges and produces the first leaves of the growing bud, in this phase the changes and metabolic transformations are produced, necessary for the correct development of the seedling, and as for the absorption of water, it is considerably reduced, it can even stop.

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• Growth stage: In this third stage of germination, the growing plant can be divided into epicotyl which is the embryonic bud, hypocotyl, which is the embryonic stem and roots in development. In this stage, the absorption of water increases again, as well as the respiratory activity.

Changes in the germination process:

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Importance of the use of water for the elaboration of our almacigo

As indicated in the stages of the germination process, we can realize that water is of great importance for the seeds to germinate, but its use must be moderate, we must avoid the stagnations due to excess water, because we can damage the seeds by asphyxia, decay due to the proliferation of fungi; It is advisable to keep the soil only moist. There are seeds of hard shells, which require to be soaked like okra seeds; the soaking process is to soften the skin, there are other seeds that are soaked for 24 hours to accelerate germination, such as the seeds of parsley, beans, chickpeas, etc.

In the case of seeds with too hard peels such as apricot, walnuts and peaches, the husk is removed before planting and the almond or embryo is used.

SourceI hope this information has been very useful for lovers of crops, greetings, God bless me and until next publication.

References: Source Source Source

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