CHOLESTEROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS

WHAT IS CHOLESTEROL?

According to this site, Cholesterol refers to a sterol which is synthesized in animals' cells which is required in the maintenance of the structural integrity and fluidity of the membrane. The diagram below shows the cheical structure of cholesterol. Cholesterol is synthesized through a pathway which begins from acetylCoA and proceeds to form other molecules such as Isoprenoid units, Mevalonate and Fatty acids which can rearrange to form cholesterol

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FUNCTIONS OF CHOLESTEROL

• Cholesterol serves as a precursor molecule for several biochemical pathways which include the synthesis of steroid hormones.

• Cholesterol aids in cell signalling, nerve conduction and intracellular transport within the membrane.

• Cholesterol aids in the reduction and entry of neutral solutes into the plasma membrane.

• Cholesterol aids in the durability and stability of the cell membrane while preventing it from being rigid.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS, A CONDITION CAUSED AS A RESULT OF CHOLESTEROL DISORDER

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition which is characterized by excessive elevation of the level of cholesterol present in the body. This can result in Atherosclerosis, which is the build up of plaque in the arteries. These plaque built up in the arteries consist of calcium, fat, cholesterol and some other substances which are present in the blood. This results in coronary heart disease.

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Atherosclerosis is caused as a result of various factors which damage the endothelium. Some of those factors include hyperglyceamia, high blood pressure, smoking, et cetera. When these factors damage the endothelium, they can trigger atherosclerosis. It should also be noted that people who are exposed to air pollution and people with insufficiently treated diabetes also stand a higher chance of developing atherosclerosis

MEANS OF TREATING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• Surgical procedures, such as angioplasty, which involves the expansion of the arteries and removal of the obstructing plaque so as to allow the easy passage of blood.

• Use of medications which help prevent blood clot and the build up of plaque in the arteries

• The affected individual might be asked to engage in exercises aimed at reducing his weight and also maintain a healthy diet

In my own opinion, it is much better to avoid having a disease than having to cure it. Therefore in order to avoid atherosclerosis, an individual should avoid food items such as pork, cheese, butter, et cetera due to the fact that these foods are rich in saturated fat.

Smoking greatly increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is advisable for an individual to abstain from smoking, while smokers should give up the act.

Individuals should engage in regular excersise, so as to improve their fitness levels, prevent weight loss and also maintain a low blood pressure.

TEXT SOURCES
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/247837.php
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol
https://healthyforgood.heart.org/eat-smart/articles/saturated-fats